美国预防工作组强烈建议,在冠心病风险增加的人群中(即:有 1 个或多个危险因素 [糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、肥胖和家族史] 的人群),男性从 35 岁开始筛查血脂异常,女性从 45 岁开始。[25]US Preventive Services Task Force. Final recommendation statement: lipid disorders in adults (cholesterol, dyslipidemia): screening. December 2014. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org (last accessed 10 June 2016).http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening
应当每 3-5 年定期对所有患者进行主要心血管危险因素评估,包括高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟和肾脏疾病。积极控制危险因素有助于改善预后和降低心肌梗死的发病率及病死率。[11]O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013 Jan 29;127(4):e362-425.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/127/4/e362.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247304?tool=bestpractice.com