静脉使用免疫球蛋白 (IVIG) 加皮质类固醇
两项 Meta 分析显示,在静脉使用免疫球蛋白 (IVIG) 的传统治疗方案中添加皮质类固醇作为初始治疗策略可降低冠状动脉异常的风险。[42]Chen S, Dong Y, Yin Y, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin plus corticosteroid to prevent coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease: a meta-analysis. Heart. 2013;99:76-82.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22869678?tool=bestpractice.com[43]Zhu BH, Lv HT, Sun L, et al. A meta-analysis on the effect of corticosteroid therapy in Kawasaki disease. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171:571-578.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284666/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22057683?tool=bestpractice.com在一项随机、开放标签的盲终点试验中,作者得出的结论是对患重度川崎病 (KD) 的日本患者而言,在 IVIG 标准治疗方案中添加强的松可以改善冠状动脉的结局。[44]Kobayashi T, Saji T, Otani T, et al. Efficacy of immunoglobulin plus prednisolone for prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in severe Kawasaki disease (RAISE study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial. Lancet. 2012;379:1613-1620.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405251?tool=bestpractice.com此外,与单独使用 IVIG 相比,免疫球蛋白加强的松治疗使发热和炎症更快消退(基于C 反应蛋白的测定)。[44]Kobayashi T, Saji T, Otani T, et al. Efficacy of immunoglobulin plus prednisolone for prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in severe Kawasaki disease (RAISE study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial. Lancet. 2012;379:1613-1620.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405251?tool=bestpractice.com在日本及亚洲其他国家中,这些研究制定了用于预测 IVIG 治疗失败(或耐药性)的 KD 风险评分,但是此评分似乎不适用于其他人群。[45]Son MB, Newburger JW. Management of Kawasaki disease: corticosteroids revisited. Lancet. 2012;379:1571-1572.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405252?tool=bestpractice.com[46]Curtis N. Prednisolone added to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment improves outcome in children with severe Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2013;98:77-78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23492399?tool=bestpractice.com在美国进行的一项循证随机试验中,评估了在IVIG 治疗前给予单次静脉甲泼尼龙治疗作为 KD 主要治疗方案的疗效。研究显示,与单独进行 IVIG 治疗相比,未改善冠状动脉结局。[34]Newberger JW, Sleeper LA, McCrindle BW, et al. Randomized trial of pulsed corticosteroid therapy for primary treatment of Kawasaki disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:663-675.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa061235#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17301297?tool=bestpractice.com因此,专家建议在世界范围内成功定义且检测这些高风险评分之前,单一 IVIG(不添加皮质类固醇)将依然是日本境外KD 初期治疗的金标准。[45]Son MB, Newburger JW. Management of Kawasaki disease: corticosteroids revisited. Lancet. 2012;379:1571-1572.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405252?tool=bestpractice.com[46]Curtis N. Prednisolone added to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment improves outcome in children with severe Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2013;98:77-78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23492399?tool=bestpractice.com