预防:有高质量的证据表明对于行降低风险手术的遗传性非息肉性结肠癌(HNPCC)女性患者,预防性全子宫双附件切除术可100%的预防子宫肿瘤的发生。对于有显著家族史的受试者,是否需要手术要在 50 岁之前决定。[55]Schmeler KM, Lynch HT, Chen LM, et al. Prophylactic surgery to reduce the risk of gynecologic cancers in the Lynch syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:261-269.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa052627#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16421367?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
预防:有高质量的证据表明对于行降低风险手术的遗传性非息肉性结肠癌(HNPCC)女性患者,预防性全子宫双附件切除术可100%的预防子宫肿瘤的发生。对于有显著家族史的受试者,是否需要手术要在 50 岁之前决定。[55]Schmeler KM, Lynch HT, Chen LM, et al. Prophylactic surgery to reduce the risk of gynecologic cancers in the Lynch syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:261-269.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa052627#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16421367?tool=bestpractice.com
生存期:有高质量证据表明,对具有高度复发风险的 I 期子宫内膜癌患者在手术后实施辅助外放射治疗 (EBRT) 可降低局部区域复发的风险,但并无生存获益。阴道短距离放疗和 EBRT 在控制阴道疾病方面一样有效,但有更少的胃肠道副作用(GOG-99、PORTEC-1、PORTEC-2)。[73]Keys HM, Roberts JA, Brunetto VL, et al. A phase III trial of surgery with or without adjunctive external pelvic radiation therapy in intermediate risk endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;92:744-751.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984936?tool=bestpractice.com[104]Nout RA, Smit VT, Putter H, et al. Vaginal brachytherapy versus pelvic external beam radiotherapy for patients with endometrial cancer of high-intermediate risk (PORTEC-2): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;375:816-823.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20206777?tool=bestpractice.com[105]Creutzberg CL, Nout RA, Lybeert ML, et al. Fifteen-year radiotherapy outcomes of the randomized PORTEC-1 trial for endometrial carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81:e631-e638.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21640520?tool=bestpractice.com[106]Nout RA, van de Poll-Franse LV, Lybeert ML, et al. Long-term outcome and quality of life of patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with or without pelvic radiotherapy in the post operative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma 1 (PORTEC-1) trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:1692-1700.http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/29/13/1692.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21444867?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量证据表明,对具有高度复发风险的 I 期子宫内膜癌患者在手术后实施辅助外放射治疗 (EBRT) 可降低局部区域复发的风险,但并无生存获益。阴道短距离放疗和 EBRT 在控制阴道疾病方面一样有效,但有更少的胃肠道副作用(GOG-99、PORTEC-1、PORTEC-2)。[73]Keys HM, Roberts JA, Brunetto VL, et al. A phase III trial of surgery with or without adjunctive external pelvic radiation therapy in intermediate risk endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;92:744-751.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984936?tool=bestpractice.com[104]Nout RA, Smit VT, Putter H, et al. Vaginal brachytherapy versus pelvic external beam radiotherapy for patients with endometrial cancer of high-intermediate risk (PORTEC-2): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;375:816-823.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20206777?tool=bestpractice.com[105]Creutzberg CL, Nout RA, Lybeert ML, et al. Fifteen-year radiotherapy outcomes of the randomized PORTEC-1 trial for endometrial carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81:e631-e638.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21640520?tool=bestpractice.com[106]Nout RA, van de Poll-Franse LV, Lybeert ML, et al. Long-term outcome and quality of life of patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with or without pelvic radiotherapy in the post operative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma 1 (PORTEC-1) trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:1692-1700.http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/29/13/1692.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21444867?tool=bestpractice.com
生存期:有高质量的证据表明对于疾病低危且手术病率较低的患者,外放治疗不能明确延长生存期。阴道内放治疗可预防阴道复发。阴道内放治疗后患者的生活质量较外放治疗后更高(PORTEC-2临床试验)[108]Nout RA, Putter H, Jurgenliemk-Schulz IM, et al. Vaginal brachytherapy versus external beam pelvic radiotherapy for high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer: results of the randomized PORTEC-2 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:LBA5503.
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量的证据表明对于疾病低危且手术病率较低的患者,外放治疗不能明确延长生存期。阴道内放治疗可预防阴道复发。阴道内放治疗后患者的生活质量较外放治疗后更高(PORTEC-2临床试验)[108]Nout RA, Putter H, Jurgenliemk-Schulz IM, et al. Vaginal brachytherapy versus external beam pelvic radiotherapy for high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer: results of the randomized PORTEC-2 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:LBA5503.
生存期:有高质量的证据表明I期内膜样腺癌患者术后放疗(与无辅助治疗相比)可降低局部复发,但对总体生存率无影响。放疗会增加治疗相关病率。对于年龄<60岁的I期及G2期合并表浅浸润的内摸样腺癌患者不建议术后放疗(PORTEC-1试验)。[111]Creutzberg CL, van Putten WL, Koper PC, et al. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma: multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1404-1411.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10791524?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量的证据表明I期内膜样腺癌患者术后放疗(与无辅助治疗相比)可降低局部复发,但对总体生存率无影响。放疗会增加治疗相关病率。对于年龄<60岁的I期及G2期合并表浅浸润的内摸样腺癌患者不建议术后放疗(PORTEC-1试验)。[111]Creutzberg CL, van Putten WL, Koper PC, et al. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma: multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355:1404-1411.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10791524?tool=bestpractice.com
生存期:有高质量的证据表明,对于晚期内膜样腺癌患者,顺铂+多柔比星方案可延长无进展生存期,但对总体生存期无影响,且毒性反应增加。[121]Thigpen JT, Brady MF, Homesley HD, et al. Phase III trial of doxorubicin with or without cisplatin in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3902-3908.http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/22/19/3902.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459211?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量的证据表明,对于晚期内膜样腺癌患者,顺铂+多柔比星方案可延长无进展生存期,但对总体生存期无影响,且毒性反应增加。[121]Thigpen JT, Brady MF, Homesley HD, et al. Phase III trial of doxorubicin with or without cisplatin in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a gynecologic oncology group study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3902-3908.http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/22/19/3902.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459211?tool=bestpractice.com
生存期:有高质量的证据表明对于高危型患者行辅助性孕激素治疗不能提高总体生存率,且对总死亡率可能有不利影响。[132]Lentz SS. Endocrine therapy of endometrial cancer. Cancer Treat Res. 1998;94:89-106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9587684?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量的证据表明对于高危型患者行辅助性孕激素治疗不能提高总体生存率,且对总死亡率可能有不利影响。[132]Lentz SS. Endocrine therapy of endometrial cancer. Cancer Treat Res. 1998;94:89-106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9587684?tool=bestpractice.com
生存期:有高质量的证据表明对于III期或IV期内摸样腺癌患者及术后有残余病灶者,多柔比星或顺铂化疗方案可延长无进展生存期。与全腹部放疗相比,化疗能明显延长无进展生存期及总体生存期。[112]Randall ME, Filiaci VL, Muss H, et al. Randomized phase III trial of whole-abdominal irradiation versus doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:36-44.http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/24/1/36http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330675?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量的证据表明对于III期或IV期内摸样腺癌患者及术后有残余病灶者,多柔比星或顺铂化疗方案可延长无进展生存期。与全腹部放疗相比,化疗能明显延长无进展生存期及总体生存期。[112]Randall ME, Filiaci VL, Muss H, et al. Randomized phase III trial of whole-abdominal irradiation versus doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced endometrial carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:36-44.http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/24/1/36http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330675?tool=bestpractice.com
生存期:有高质量证据表明,对于出现阴道疾病复发且此前未接受过放疗的患者群体而言,盆腔放射疗法是有效的挽救治疗方法,其 5 年生存率为 40% 至 70%。[139]Creutzberg CL, van Putten WL, Koper PC, et al. Survival after relapse in patients with endometrial cancer: results from a randomized trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;89:201-209.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12713981?tool=bestpractice.com[140]Jhingran A, Burke TW, Eifel PJ. Definitive radiotherapy for patients with isolated vaginal recurrence of endometrial carcinoma after hysterectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56:1366-1372.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12873682?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生存期:有高质量证据表明,对于出现阴道疾病复发且此前未接受过放疗的患者群体而言,盆腔放射疗法是有效的挽救治疗方法,其 5 年生存率为 40% 至 70%。[139]Creutzberg CL, van Putten WL, Koper PC, et al. Survival after relapse in patients with endometrial cancer: results from a randomized trial. Gynecol Oncol. 2003;89:201-209.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12713981?tool=bestpractice.com[140]Jhingran A, Burke TW, Eifel PJ. Definitive radiotherapy for patients with isolated vaginal recurrence of endometrial carcinoma after hysterectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;56:1366-1372.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12873682?tool=bestpractice.com
复发:有高质量证据表明,对早期(I 期)中危子宫内膜癌症患者实施辅助术后盆腔放射疗法可降低复发风险(相比未进行额外治疗的患者),但是该疗法应限于危险因素符合高危或中危定义(妇科肿瘤协作组 [GOG] 第 99 号试验)的患者。[73]Keys HM, Roberts JA, Brunetto VL, et al. A phase III trial of surgery with or without adjunctive external pelvic radiation therapy in intermediate risk endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;92:744-751.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984936?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
复发:有高质量证据表明,对早期(I 期)中危子宫内膜癌症患者实施辅助术后盆腔放射疗法可降低复发风险(相比未进行额外治疗的患者),但是该疗法应限于危险因素符合高危或中危定义(妇科肿瘤协作组 [GOG] 第 99 号试验)的患者。[73]Keys HM, Roberts JA, Brunetto VL, et al. A phase III trial of surgery with or without adjunctive external pelvic radiation therapy in intermediate risk endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol. 2004;92:744-751.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14984936?tool=bestpractice.com