临床改善:在利福昔明治疗急性或持续性肝性脑病比非吸收性双糖效果更好方面,证据间存在冲突,但似乎利福昔明的耐受性确实较好。[36]Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, et al. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;20:1064-1070.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19047837?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Wu D, Wu SM, Lu J, et al. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:236963.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638683/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23653636?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
临床改善:在利福昔明治疗急性或持续性肝性脑病比非吸收性双糖效果更好方面,证据间存在冲突,但似乎利福昔明的耐受性确实较好。[36]Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, et al. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;20:1064-1070.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19047837?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Wu D, Wu SM, Lu J, et al. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:236963.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638683/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23653636?tool=bestpractice.com
临床改善:有高级别的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,利福昔明疗法能够维持肝性脑病病情的缓解,降低肝性脑病相关的住院风险。[34]Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1071-1081.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0907893#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335583?tool=bestpractice.com[42]Bajaj JS, Barrett AC, Bortey E, et al. Prolonged remission from hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin: results of a placebo crossover analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:39-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284039/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339518?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
临床改善:有高级别的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,利福昔明疗法能够维持肝性脑病病情的缓解,降低肝性脑病相关的住院风险。[34]Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1071-1081.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0907893#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335583?tool=bestpractice.com[42]Bajaj JS, Barrett AC, Bortey E, et al. Prolonged remission from hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin: results of a placebo crossover analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:39-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4284039/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339518?tool=bestpractice.com
临床改善:有高质量证据表明,门冬氨酸鸟氨酸 (LOLA) 相比安慰剂,对改善肝性脑病有显著效果,[45]Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, et al. L-Ornithine-l-aspartate in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:9-14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823442?tool=bestpractice.com有中等质量证据表明,它具有优于利福昔明、非吸收性双糖和新霉素的趋势。[49]Zhu GQ, Shi KQ, Huang S, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:624-635.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684317?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
临床改善:有高质量证据表明,门冬氨酸鸟氨酸 (LOLA) 相比安慰剂,对改善肝性脑病有显著效果,[45]Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, et al. L-Ornithine-l-aspartate in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:9-14.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823442?tool=bestpractice.com有中等质量证据表明,它具有优于利福昔明、非吸收性双糖和新霉素的趋势。[49]Zhu GQ, Shi KQ, Huang S, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:624-635.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684317?tool=bestpractice.com
预防复发:有中等级别的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,乳果糖可有效预防肝硬化患者的肝性脑病复发。[53]Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:885-891.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501587?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
预防复发:有中等级别的证据表明,与安慰剂相比,乳果糖可有效预防肝硬化患者的肝性脑病复发。[53]Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:885-891.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501587?tool=bestpractice.com