肝性脑病

Tarantino G, Citro V, Esposito P, et al. Blood ammonia levels in liver cirrhosis: a clue for the presence of portosystemic collateral veins. BMC Gastroenterol. 2009;9:21.

• 全文
• 摘要

Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology. 2014;60:715-735.

• 全文
• 摘要

Randolph C, Hilsabeck R, Kato A, et al. Neuropsychological assessment of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines. Liver Int. 2009;29:629-635.

• 全文
• 摘要

Sharma BC, Sharma P, Lunia MK,et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:1458-1463.

• 摘要

Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:885-891.

• 摘要

1.  Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy: definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology. 2002;35:716-721.

• 全文
• 摘要

2.  Gitlin N. Subclinical portal-systemic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988;83:8-11.

• 摘要

3.  Shawcross D, Jalan R. The pathophysiologic basis of hepatic encephalopathy: central role for ammonia and inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005;62:2295-2304.

• 摘要

4.  Tarantino G, Citro V, Esposito P, et al. Blood ammonia levels in liver cirrhosis: a clue for the presence of portosystemic collateral veins. BMC Gastroenterol. 2009;9:21.

• 全文
• 摘要

5.  James JH, Ziparo V, Jeppsson B, et al. Hyperammonaemia, plasma amino acid imbalance, and blood-brain amino acid transport: a unified theory of portal-systemic encephalopathy. Lancet. 1979;2:772-775.

• 摘要

6.  Häussinger D, Kircheis G, Fischer R, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: a clinical manifestation of astrocyte swelling and low-grade cerebral edema? J Hepatol. 2000;32:1035-1038.

• 摘要

7.  Raabe W. Ammonium ions abolish excitatory synaptic transmission between cerebellar neurons in primary dissociated tissue culture. J Neurophysiol. 1992;68:93-99.

• 摘要

8.  Schafer DF, Jones EA. Hepatic encephalopathy and the gamma-aminobutyric-acid neurotransmitter system. Lancet. 1982;1:18-20.

• 摘要

9.  Horowitz ME, Schafer DF, Molnar P, et al. Increased blood-brain transfer in a rabbit model of acute liver failure. Gastroenterology. 1983;84:1003-1011.

• 摘要

10.  Mas A. Hepatic encephalopathy: from pathophysiology to treatment. Digestion. 2006;73(suppl 1):86-93.

• 摘要

11.  Häussinger D, Schliess F. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy. Gut. 2008;57:1156-1165.

• 摘要

12.  Yik KY, Sullivan SN, Troster M. Neuropsychiatric disturbance due to occult occlusion of the portal vein. Can Med Assoc J. 1982;126:50-52.

• 全文
• 摘要

13.  Mínguez B, García-Pagán JC, Bosch J, et al. Noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis exhibits neuropsychological and MR changes consistent with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology. 2006;43:707-714.

• 全文
• 摘要

14.  Riggio O, Merlli M, Pedretti G, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Incidence and risk factors. Dig Dis Sci. 1996;41:578-584.

• 摘要

15.  Vilstrup H, Amodio P, Bajaj J, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver disease: 2014 Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the European Association for the Study of the Liver. Hepatology. 2014;60:715-735.

• 全文
• 摘要

16.  Cadranel JF, Lebiez E, Di Martino V, et al. Focal neurological signs in hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients: an underestimated entity? Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:515-518.

• 摘要

17.  Weissenborn K, Ennen JC, Schomerus H, et al. Neuropsychological characterization of hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol. 2001;34:768-773.

• 摘要

18.  Randolph C, Hilsabeck R, Kato A, et al. Neuropsychological assessment of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines. Liver Int. 2009;29:629-635.

• 全文
• 摘要

19.  Stahl J. Studies of the blood ammonia in liver disease. Its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. Ann Intern Med. 1963;58:1-24.

• 摘要

20.  Amodio P, Gatta A. Neurophysiological investigation of hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis. 2005;20:369-379.

• 摘要

21.  Fraser CL, Arieff AI. Hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:865-873.

• 摘要

22.  Nicolao F, Efrati C, Masini A, et al. Role of determination of partial pressure of ammonia in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol. 2003;38:441-446.

• 摘要

23.  Antunez E, Estruch R, Cardenal C, et al. Usefulness of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of acute Wernicke's encephalopathy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171:1131-1137.

• 全文
• 摘要

24.  Blei AT, Cordoba J; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:1968-1976.

• 全文
• 摘要

25.  Moore KP, Aithal GP. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut. 2006;55(suppl 6):1-12.

• 全文
• 摘要

26.  Horst D, Grace ND, Conn HO, et al. Comparison of dietary protein with an oral, branched chain-enriched amino acid supplement in chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology. 1984;4:279-287.

• 摘要

27.  Córdoba J, López-Hellín J, Planas M, et al. Normal protein diet for episodic hepatic encephalopathy: results of a randomized study. J Hepatol. 2004;41:38-43.

• 摘要

28.  Luo M, Li L, Lu CZ, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of lactulose for minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23:1250-1257.

• 摘要

29.  Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD003044.

• 全文
• 摘要

30.  Rahimi RS, Singal AG, Cuthbert JA, et al. Lactulose vs polyethylene glycol 3350--electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy: the HELP randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1727-1733.

• 摘要

31.  Conn HO, Leevy CM, Vlahcevic ZR, et al. Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 1977;72:573-583.

• 摘要

32.  Strauss E, Tramote R, Silva EP, et al. Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing neomycin and placebo in the treatment of exogenous hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogastroenterology. 1992;39:542-545.

• 摘要

33.  Rothenberg ME, Keeffe EB. Antibiotics in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: an evidence-based review. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2005;5(suppl 3):26-35.

• 摘要

34.  Bass NM, Mullen KD, Sanyal A, et al. Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1071-1081.

• 全文
• 摘要

35.  European Medicines Agency. EMA recommends changes to prescribing information for vancomycin antibiotics. May 2017. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ (last accessed 24 May 2017).

• 全文

36.  Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, et al. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;20:1064-1070.

• 摘要

37.  Wu D, Wu SM, Lu J, et al. Rifaximin versus nonabsorbable disaccharides for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2013;2013:236963.

• 全文
• 摘要

38.  Leevy CB, Phillips JA. Hospitalizations during the use of rifaximin versus lactulose for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:737-741.

• 摘要

39.  Eltawil KM, Laryea M, Peltekian K, et al. Rifaximin vs. conventional oral therapy for hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:767-777.

• 全文
• 摘要

40.  Sidhu SS, Goyal O, Mishra BP, et al. Rifaximin improves psychometric performance and health-related quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (the RIME Trial). Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106:307-316.

• 摘要

41.  Sanyal A, Younossi ZM, Bass NM, et al. Randomised clinical trial: rifaximin improves health-related quality of life in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy - a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34:853-861.

• 摘要

42.  Bajaj JS, Barrett AC, Bortey E, et al. Prolonged remission from hepatic encephalopathy with rifaximin: results of a placebo crossover analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:39-45.

• 全文
• 摘要

43.  Mohammad RA, Regal RE, Alaniz C. Combination therapy for the treatment and prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46:1559-1563.

• 摘要

44.  Sharma BC, Sharma P, Lunia MK,et al. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing rifaximin plus lactulose with lactulose alone in treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:1458-1463.

• 摘要

45.  Jiang Q, Jiang XH, Zheng MH, et al. L-Ornithine-l-aspartate in the management of hepatic encephalopathy: a meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24:9-14.

• 摘要

46.  Pérez Hernández JL, Higuera de la Tijera F, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, et al. Critical analysis of studies evaluating the efficacy of infusion of L-ornithine L-aspartate in clinical hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver failure. Ann Hepatol. 2011;10(suppl 2):S66-S69.

• 摘要

47.  Hu W, Tang SH. Efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: a systematic review. Chinese J Evid Based Med. 2012;12:799-803.

48.  Soárez PC, Oliveira AC, Padovan J, et al. A critical analysis of studies assessing L-ornithine-L-aspartate (LOLA) in hepatic encephalopathy treatment. Arq Gastroenterol. 2009;46:241-247.

• 全文
• 摘要

49.  Zhu GQ, Shi KQ, Huang S, et al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: the comparative effectiveness and safety of interventions in patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;41:624-635.

• 摘要

50.  Mittal VV, Sharma BC, Sharma P, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing lactulose, probiotics, and L-ornithine L-aspartate in treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23:725-732.

• 摘要

51.  Gluud LL, Dam G, Les I, et al. Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD001939.

• 全文
• 摘要

52.  Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2001;33:464-470.

• 全文
• 摘要

53.  Sharma BC, Sharma P, Agrawal A, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy: an open-label randomized controlled trial of lactulose versus placebo. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:885-891.

• 摘要

54.  Agrawal A, Sharma BC, Sharma P, et al. Secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: an open-label, randomized controlled trial of lactulose, probiotics, and no therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1043-1050.

• 摘要

55.  Stange J, Mitzner SR, Klammt S, et al. Liver support by extracorporeal blood purification: a clinical observation. Liver Transpl. 2000;6:603-613.

• 全文
• 摘要

56.  Heemann U, Treichel U, Loock J, et al. Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: a prospective, controlled study. Hepatology. 2002;36:949-958.

• 全文
• 摘要

57.  Barbaro G, Di Lorenzo G, Soldini M, et al. Flumazenil for hepatic coma in patients with liver cirrhosis: an Italian multicentre double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Eur J Emerg Med. 1998;5:213-218.

• 摘要

58.  Als-Nielsen B, Gluud LL, Gluud C. Benzodiazepine receptor antagonists for hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(2):CD002798.

• 全文
• 摘要

59.  Shukla S, Shukla A, Mehboob S, et al. Meta-analysis: the effects of gut flora modulation using prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics on minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;33:662-671.

• 全文
• 摘要

60.  Holte K, Krag A, Gluud LL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials on probiotics for hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatol Res. 2012;42:1008-1015.

• 摘要

61.  McGee RG, Bakens A, Wiley K, et al. Probiotics for patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008716.

• 全文
• 摘要

62.  Bustamante J, Rimola A, Ventura PJ, et al. Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1999;30:890-895.

• 摘要

63.  Stewart CA, Malinchoc M, Kim WR, et al. Hepatic encephalopathy as a predictor of survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:1366-1371.

• 全文
• 摘要

64.  Bajaj JS, Schubert CM, Heuman DM, et al. Persistence of cognitive impairment after resolution of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:2332-2340.

• 全文
• 摘要

65.  Ammar T, Auzinger G, Michaelides M. Cortical blindness and hepatic encephalopathy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2003;81:402-404 (errata: 2006;84:716).

• 全文
• 摘要

66.  Munoz SJ. Hepatic encephalopathy. Med Clin North Am. 2008;92:795-812.

• 摘要