这类患者死亡率很低(<0.4%/年),因此不需进行主动脉瓣置换术,但需密切随访症状或左室功能的进展。[34]Bonow RO, Rosing DR, McIntosh CL, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. Circulation. 1983;68:509-517.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/68/3/509.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6872164?tool=bestpractice.com这类患者每年有5%的风险逐渐恶化出现临床症状和(或)左室功能不全,年死亡率为0.2%。[35]Bonow RO, Lakatos E, Maron BJ, et al. Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function. Circulation. 1991;84:1625-1635.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/84/4/1625.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1914102?tool=bestpractice.com
更严重左室扩大(ESD>50mm或EDD>70mm)的患者有更高的左室功能不全(19%)或出现症状(10%)的风险。[1]Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:e521-e643.http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/63/22/e57http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589853?tool=bestpractice.com[35]Bonow RO, Lakatos E, Maron BJ, et al. Serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function. Circulation. 1991;84:1625-1635.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/84/4/1625.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1914102?tool=bestpractice.com
患者的预后和结局取决于左室功能不全和临床症状的严重程度。[27]Bonow RO, Dodd JT, Maron BJ, et al. Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation. 1988;78:1108-1120.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/78/5/1108.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2972417?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al. Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function. Circulation. 1985;72:1244-1256.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/72/6/1244.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4064269?tool=bestpractice.com据报道,左室功能正常的患者的 5 年生存率为 96%,而左室功能降低的患者的 5 年生存率为 62%。[28]Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al. Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function. Circulation. 1985;72:1244-1256.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/72/6/1244.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4064269?tool=bestpractice.com左室功能的长期改善与术后即刻和短期(6个月)对手术的反应有关。术后即刻扩大的左室有缩小的患者,更有可能获得射血分数(EF)的短期和长期改善。并且,术后6个月内EF有改善的患者更有可能在6个月后获得进一步的远期改善。术后6个月内EF无改善的患者其EF能获得进一步改善的可能性较小。[27]Bonow RO, Dodd JT, Maron BJ, et al. Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation. 1988;78:1108-1120.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/78/5/1108.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2972417?tool=bestpractice.com