2%-20% 的头部外伤会发生颅骨骨折,年总发病率为 35 至 45 例/ 100,000 例。[1]Servadei F, Ciucci G, Pagano F, et al. Skull fracture as a risk factor of intracranial complications in minor head injuries: a prospective CT study in a series of 98 adult patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:526-528.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3379426?tool=bestpractice.com最常发生于 20 至 50 岁之间。[2]Besenski N. Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:1237-1252.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042929?tool=bestpractice.com但是,与成人相比,头部受伤的儿童出现颅骨骨折的比例增加。与女性相比,男性占绝大多数。[3]Ersahin Y, Mutluer S, Mirzai H, et al. Pediatric depressed skull fractures: analysis of 530 cases. Childs Nerv Syst. 1996;12:323-331.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8816297?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Mithani SK, St-Hilaire H, Brooke BS, et al. Predictable patterns of intracranial and cervical spine injury in craniomaxillofacial trauma: analysis of 4786 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;123:1293-1301.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19337097?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Smits M, Dippel DW, de Haan GG, et al. Minor head injury: guidelines for the use of CT - a multicenter validation study. Radiology. 2007;245:831-838.http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.2452061509http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17911536?tool=bestpractice.com最常见的原因是跌倒,多达总病例数的 35%。[2]Besenski N. Traumatic injuries: imaging of head injuries. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:1237-1252.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12042929?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Galarneau MR, Woodruff SI, Dye JL, et al. Traumatic brain injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom: findings from the United States Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry. J Neurosurg. 2008;108:950-957.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18447712?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Shane SA, Fuchs SM. Skull fractures in infants and predictors of associated intracranial injury. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1997;13:198-203.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9220506?tool=bestpractice.com最常见的骨折是简单的线性骨折,占所有颅骨骨折的 50%-80%。[1]Servadei F, Ciucci G, Pagano F, et al. Skull fracture as a risk factor of intracranial complications in minor head injuries: a prospective CT study in a series of 98 adult patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:526-528.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3379426?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Galarneau MR, Woodruff SI, Dye JL, et al. Traumatic brain injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom: findings from the United States Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry. J Neurosurg. 2008;108:950-957.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18447712?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Macpherson BC, MacPherson P, Jennett B. CT evidence of intracranial contusion and haematoma in relation to the presence, site and type of skull fracture. Clin Radiol. 1990;42:321-326.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2245568?tool=bestpractice.com