颅骨骨折

颅骨骨折患者的预后主要取决于相关颅内和颈椎损伤所产生的预后。[47]Bonfield CM, Naran S, Adetayo OA, et al. Pediatric skull fractures: the need for surgical intervention, characteristics, complications, and outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;14:205-211.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905840?tool=bestpractice.com总死亡率范围为 1.4%-19%，且病因几乎都是相关的颅内损伤。[48]Demetriades D, Charalambides D, Lakhoo M, et al. Role of prophylactic antibiotics in open and basilar fractures of the skull: a randomized study. Injury. 1992;23:377-380.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1428162?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Rehman L, Ghani E, Hussain A, et al. Infection in compound depressed fracture of the skull. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2007;17:140-143.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374298?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, et al; Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Author Group. Surgical management of depressed cranial fractures. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(3 suppl):S56-S60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540744?tool=bestpractice.com11% 的病例会发生神经系统并发症。[55]Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Ghajar J, et al; Surgical Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Author Group. Surgical management of depressed cranial fractures. Neurosurgery. 2006;58(3 suppl):S56-S60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16540744?tool=bestpractice.com如果不存在相关的颅内或颈椎损伤，则结果非常好。不良预后因素包括开放性骨折、瞳孔变化和就诊时格拉斯哥昏迷评分 ＜ 8 分及高龄。