在美国,克罗恩病的发病率大约为 6/100,000-7/100,000。据估计,美国约有 50-100 万人患炎症性肠道疾病。[2]Ekbom A, Helmick C, Zack M, et al. The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: a large, population-based study in Sweden. Gastroenterology. 1991 Feb;100(2):350-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1985033?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Burgmann T, Clara I, Graff L, et al. The Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study: prolonged symptoms before diagnosis - how much is irritable bowel syndrome? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:614-620.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16630762?tool=bestpractice.com
欧盟委员会资助的 20 家欧洲中心参与的研究显示,15-64 岁人群(年龄和性别标准化)的克罗恩病的总发病率为 5.6/100,000。北方中心的克罗恩病发病率比南方中心高 80%(比率 [RR]=1.8)。报告的克罗恩病发病率最高的中心是马斯特里赫特(荷兰;9.2)和亚眠(法国西北部;9.2)。克罗恩病发病率最低的中心是约阿尼纳(希腊西北部;0.9)。[9]Shivananda S, Lennard-Jones J, Logan R, et al. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European Collaborative Study on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EC-IBD). Gut 1996;39:690-697.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1383393/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9014768?tool=bestpractice.com
北方气候国家和发达国家的克罗恩病发病率最高,南方气候国家和发展中国家的发病率最低。亚洲、日本和南美的发病率和患病率似乎更低。过去 60 年来,克罗恩病的发病率不断上升。[10]Chouraki V, Dauchet L, Vernier-Massouille G, et al. Abstracts of the 4th Congress of ECCO - the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. P214: The changing pattern of Crohn's disease incidence according to age in Northern France: a constant increase in the 0-19 years age group (1988-2005). J Crohn's Colitis. 2009;3:S95. 在北美和欧洲,克罗恩病的发病率如今与溃疡性结肠炎 (UC) 相当。[1]Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 8;347(6):417-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12167685?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Jess T, Riis L, Vind I, et al. Changes in clinical characteristics, course, and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease during the last 5 decades: a population-based study from Copenhagen, Denmark. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007;13:481-489.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ibd.20036/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17206705?tool=bestpractice.com
发病高峰年龄为 15-40 岁,此外还有另一个较小的发病高峰为 60-80 岁。男性和女性之间的克罗恩病发病率相同。白人和德系犹太人的发病率高于其他族群。一些研究表明,吸烟者的患病率较高。[1]Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 8;347(6):417-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12167685?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Cosnes J, Beaugerie L, Carbonnel F, et al. Smoking cessation and the course of Crohn's disease: an intervention study. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1093-1099.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11266373?tool=bestpractice.com