在西方世界中,发病率范围为 1-24 例/100,000 人年,其中斯堪的纳维亚和北欧的发病率最高。[8]Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2018 Dec 23;390(10114):2769-78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050646?tool=bestpractice.com 患病率约为 1 例/1000 人。就地理位置而言,溃疡性结肠炎在西半球和北半球更常见,亚洲和远东地区的发病率偏低,但已有报道称发病率正在上升。[8]Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2018 Dec 23;390(10114):2769-78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050646?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Ng SC, Zeng Z, Niewiadomski O, et al; Asia-Pacific Crohn’s and Colitis Epidemiology Study (ACCESS) Group. Early course of inflammatory bowel disease in a population-based inception cohort study from 8 countries in Asia and Australia. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jan;150(1):86-95.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26385074?tool=bestpractice.com 虽然发病率保持稳定,但部分因为诊断和治疗水平进步,过去几十年间,患病率有所增加。男性患者稍多于女性患者。大多数患者在 20-40 岁时确诊。另一个发病高峰是 60 岁。10 岁以下儿童患者较少见。[1]Podolsky DK. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 8;347(6):417-29.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12167685?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Hanauer SB. Inflammatory bowel disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic opportunities. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006 Jan;12 Suppl 1:S3-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16378007?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Collins P, Rhodes J. Ulcerative colitis: diagnosis and management. BMJ. 2006 Aug 12;333(7563):340-3.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902215?tool=bestpractice.com