多伦多糖尿病神经病变专家组远端对称性多发性神经病诊断标准[4]Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H, et al; Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2011;27:620-628.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dmrr.1226/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695763?tool=bestpractice.com
可能的临床远端对称性多发性神经病
出现远端对称性多发性神经病的症状或体征。
症状可能包括:
体征可能包括:
很可能的临床远端对称性多发性神经病
确诊的临床远端对称性多发性神经病
亚临床远端对称性多发性神经病(1a 期)
多伦多糖尿病神经病变专家组对小纤维神经病的定义[4]Dyck PJ, Albers JW, Andersen H, et al; Toronto Expert Panel on Diabetic Neuropathy. Diabetic polyneuropathies: update on research definition, diagnostic criteria and estimation of severity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2011;27:620-628.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dmrr.1226/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695763?tool=bestpractice.com
可能的小纤维神经病
很可能的小纤维神经病
确定的小纤维神经病
皮肤活检用于确定 IENFD。[14]Dyck PJ, Kratz KM, Karnes JL, et al. The prevalence by staged severity of various types of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in a population-based cohort: the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study. Neurology. 1993 Apr;43(4):817-24.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8469345?tool=bestpractice.com[72]Lauria G, Hsieh ST, Johansson O, et al; European Federation of Neurological Societies; Peripheral Nerve Society. European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the use of skin biopsy in the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy. Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:903-912.http://www.efns.org/fileadmin/user_upload/guidline_papers/EFNS_guideline_2010_use_of_skin_biopsy.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20642627?tool=bestpractice.com[73]England JD, Gronseth GS, Franklin G, et al; American Academy of
Neurology. Practice parameter: evaluation of distal symmetric polyneuropathy:
role of autonomic testing, nerve biopsy, and skin biopsy (an evidence-based
review). Report of the American Academy of Neurology, American Association of
Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and American Academy of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology. 2009;72:177-184.http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/full/72/2/177http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056667?tool=bestpractice.com 由于神经活检具有侵入性和高度专业性,不推荐作为常规使用。对于糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断,使用角膜共聚焦显微镜评估角膜神经纤维密度显示出与 IENFD 相当的灵敏度和特异性。[74]Chen X, Graham J, Dabbah MA, et al. Small nerve fiber quantification in the diagnosis of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: comparing corneal confocal microscopy with intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:1138-1144.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/6/1138.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25795415?tool=bestpractice.com[98]Ziegler D, Papanas N, Zhivov A, et al. Early detection of nerve fiber loss by corneal confocal microscopy and skin biopsy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2014;63:2454-2463.http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/63/7/2454.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24574045?tool=bestpractice.com