在 ART 与早产风险增加的相关性方面,研究发现的证据存在不一致性。[78]Townsend CL, Cortina-Borja M, Peckham CS, et al. Antiretroviral therapy and premature delivery in diagnosed HIV-infected women in the United Kingdom and Ireland. AIDS. 2007 May 11;21(8):1019-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17457096?tool=bestpractice.com[79]Schulte J, Dominguez K, Sukalac T, et al. Declines in low birth weight and preterm birth among infants who were born to HIV-infected women during an era of increased use of maternal antiretroviral drugs: pediatric spectrum of HIV disease, 1989-2004. Pediatrics. 2007 Apr;119(4):e900-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17353299?tool=bestpractice.com[80]Ravizza M, Martinelli P, Bucceri A, et al. Treatment with protease inhibitors and coinfection with hepatitis C virus are independent predictors of preterm delivery in HIV-infected pregnant women. J Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 15;195(6):913-4.http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/195/6/913.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17299723?tool=bestpractice.com[81]Grosch-Woerner I, Puch K, Maier RF, et al. Increased rate of prematurity associated with antenatal antiretroviral therapy in a German/Austrian cohort of HIV-1-infected women. HIV Med. 2008 Jan;9(1):6-13.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00520.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18199167?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Kourtis AP, Schmid CH, Jamieson DJ, et al. Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnant HIV-infected women and the risk of premature delivery: a meta-analysis. AIDS.2007 Mar 12;21(5):607-15.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17314523?tool=bestpractice.com[83]European Collaborative Study, Swiss Mother and Child HIV Cohort Study. Combination antiretroviral therapy and duration of pregnancy. AIDS. 2000 Dec 22;14(18):2913-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11398741?tool=bestpractice.com[84]Lorenzi P, Spicher VM, Laubreau B, et al. Antiretroviral therapies in pregnancy: maternal, fetal, and neonatal effects. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, the Swiss Collaborative HIV and Pregnancy Study, the Swiss Neonatal HIV Study. AIDS. 1998 Dec 24;12(18):F241-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9875571?tool=bestpractice.com[85]Szyld EG, Warley EM, Freimanis L, et al. Maternal antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and infant low birth weight and preterm birth. AIDS. 2006 Nov 28;20(18):2345-53.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17117021?tool=bestpractice.com 鉴于研究结果的不一致,无需在妊娠期间改换 ART 方案。 几项研究显示,未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的女性早产率更高,在晚期疾病患者中尤为明显。[92]Brocklehurst P, French R. The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Aug;105(8):836-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9746375?tool=bestpractice.com[93]Leroy V, Ladner J, Nyiraziraje M, et al. Effect of HIV-1 infection on pregnancy outcome in women in Kigali, Rwanda 1992-1994. Pregnancy and HIV Study Group. AIDS. 1998 Apr 16;12(6):643-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9583605?tool=bestpractice.com[94]Martin R, Boyer P, Hammill H, et al. Incidence of premature birth and neonatal respiratory disease in infants of HIV-positive mothers. The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Study Group. J Pediatr. 1997 Dec;131(6):851-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9427889?tool=bestpractice.com
Premature labour
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