15-45 岁年龄组风险最高。 损伤主要发生在经常运动的人群中,尤其是运动涉及变向、旋转和减速(如足球、篮球、滑雪)或肢体接触较多(如橄榄球)的运动。 70% 的前交叉韧带(前交叉韧带 (ACL))撕裂是在体育运动中发生的。 对于儿童,当从自行车上摔下试着用身体同侧足着地是常见的前交叉韧带(前交叉韧带 (ACL))从胫骨髁间棘撕脱的机制。[8]Accousti WK, Willis RB. Tibial eminence fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2003;34:365-375.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12974486?tool=bestpractice.com
据估计,美国每年有 100,000-200,000 例前交叉韧带 (ACL) 撕裂发生,其中有 100,000 例进行了 修复重建。[9]Weitzel PP, Richmond JC, Altman GH, et al. Future direction of the treatment of ACL ruptures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002;33:653-661.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12528907?tool=bestpractice.com 女性和男性的比例为 2:1 到 8:1 不等,并随体育运动种类的不同而异。[10]Hootman JM, Dick R, Agel J. Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives. J Athl Train. 2007 Apr-Jun;42(2):311-9.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941297/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17710181?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Mihata LC, Beutler AI, Boden BP. Comparing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury in collegiate lacrosse, soccer, and basketball players. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:899-904.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16567461?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Agel J, Arendt EA, Bershadsky B. Anterior cruciate ligament injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball and soccer: a 13 year review. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:524-530.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15722283?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. Methodological approaches and rationale for training to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004;14:275-285.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15387801?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Giugliano DN, Solomon JL. ACL tears in female athletes. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2007;18:417-438.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17678760?tool=bestpractice.com 非接触性损伤或轻微接触性损伤为多数前交叉韧带 (ACL) 损伤的原因(高达 70%),在女性中,这一情况更为突出。[1]Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JA, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics. 2000;23:573-578.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10875418?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Ireland ML, Ott SM. Special concerns of the female athlete. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23:281-298.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15183572?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:359-367.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17092928?tool=bestpractice.com 最近一项研究表明,欧美白人篮球运动员比非白人运动员的发病风险高。[17]Trojian TH, Collins S. The anterior cruciate ligament tear rate varies by race in professional women's basketball. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:895-898.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476911?tool=bestpractice.com