Masi AT; Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum. 1980 May;23(5):581-90.
Mayes MD, Lacey JV Jr., Beebe-Dimmer J, et al. Prevalence, incidence, survival, and disease characteristics of systemic sclerosis in a large US population. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2246-2255.
Pope JE, Bellamy N, Seibold JR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methotrexate versus placebo in early diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jun;44(6):1351-8.
Thompson AE, Shea B, Welch V, et al. Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Aug;44(8):1841-7.
Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 22;354(25):2655-66.
Hoyles RK, Ellis RW, Wellsbury J, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Dec;54(12):3962-70.
1. LeRoy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R, et al. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol. 1988 Feb;15(2):202-5.
2. Steen VD, Wigley F, Hummers LK, et al. Systemic sclerosis. In: Hochberg MC, Silman AJ, Smolen JS, et al., eds. Rheumatology volume two. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Mosby; 2003:1455-1513.
3. Barnett AJ, Miller M, Littlejohn GO. The diagnosis and classification of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). Postgrad Med J. 1988 Feb;64(748):121-5.
4. Winterbauer RH. Multiple telangiectasia, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and subcutaneous calcinosis: a syndrome mimicking hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1964 Jun;114:361-83.
5. Rodnan GP, Jablonska S, Medsger TA. Classification and nomenclature of progressive systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheum Dis. 1979;5:5-13.
6. Maricq HR, Valter I. A working classification of scleroderma spectrum disorders: a proposal and the results of testing on a sample of patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2004 Jan-Feb;22(3 Suppl 33):S5-13.
7. Masi AT; Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum. 1980 May;23(5):581-90.
8. van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, et al. 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Nov;72(11):1747-55.
9. Englert H, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Byth K, et al. Familial scleroderma: nature, nurture or both? Intern Med J. 2008;38:235-242.
10. Arnett FC, Cho M, Chatterjee S, et al. Familial occurrence frequencies and relative risks for systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) in three United States cohorts. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:1359-1362.
11. Mayes MD, Lacey JV Jr., Beebe-Dimmer J, et al. Prevalence, incidence, survival, and disease characteristics of systemic sclerosis in a large US population. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:2246-2255.
12. Bernatsky S, Joseph L, Pineau CA, et al. Scleroderma prevalence: demographic variations in a population-based sample. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:400-404.
13. Chifflot H, Fautrel B, Sordet C, et al. Incidence and prevalence of systemic sclerosis: a systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;37:223-235.
14. Hoffmann-Vold AM, Midtvedt Ø, Molberg Ø, et al. Prevalence of systemic sclerosis in south-east Norway. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51:1600-1605.
15. Gabrielli A, Avvedimento EV, Krieg T. Scleroderma. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 7;360(19):1989-2003.
16. Mayes MD. Epidemiologic studies of environmental agents and systemic autoimmune diseases. Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Oct;107 Suppl 5:743-8.
17. Matucci-Cerinic M, Steen V, Nash P, et al. The complexity of managing systemic sclerosis: screening and diagnosis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Jun;48 Suppl 3:iii8-13.
18. Minier T, Guiducci S, Bellando-Randone S; EUSTAR co-workers. Preliminary analysis of the very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS) EUSTAR multicentre study: evidence for puffy fingers as a pivotal sign for suspicion of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Dec;73(12):2087-93.
19. Boin F, Wigley FM. Understanding, assessing and treating Raynaud's phenomenon. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005 Nov;17(6):752-60.
20. Dimitroulas T, Giannakoulas G, Karvounis H, et al. Natriuretic peptides in systemic sclerosis-related pulmonary arterial hypertension. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Feb;39(4):278-84.
21. Pope JE, Bellamy N, Seibold JR, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methotrexate versus placebo in early diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jun;44(6):1351-8.
22. van den Hoogen FH, Boerbooms AM, Swaak AJ, et al. Comparison of methotrexate with placebo in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a 24 week randomized double-blind trial, followed by a 24 week observational trial. Br J Rheumatol. 1996 Apr;35(4):364-72.
23. Tashkin DP, Roth MD, Clements PJ, et al; Sclerodema Lung Study II Investigators. Mycophenolate mofetil versus oral cyclophosphamide in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SLS II): a randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Sep;4(9):708-19.
24. Thompson AE, Shea B, Welch V, et al. Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Aug;44(8):1841-7.
25. Herrick AL, van den Hoogen F, Gabrielli A, et al. Modified-release sildenafil reduces Raynaud's phenomenon attack frequency in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Mar;63(3):775-82.
26. Fries R, Shariat K, von Wilmowsky H, et al. Sildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapy. Circulation. 2005 Nov 8;112(19):2980-5.
27. Shenoy PD, Kumar S, Jha LK, et al. Efficacy of tadalafil in secondary Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilator therapy: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Dec;49(12):2420-8.
28. Caglayan E, Axmann S, Hellmich M, et al. Vardenafil for the treatment of Raynaud phenomenon: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Arch Intern Med. 2012 Aug 13;172(15):1182-4.
29. Huisstede BM, Hoogvliet P, Paulis WD, et al. Effectiveness of interventions for secondary Raynaud's phenomenon: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011 Jul;92(7):1166-80.
30. Wigley FM, Seibold JR, Wise RA, et al. Intravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 1992 Sep;19(9):1407-14.
31. Wigley FM, Wise RA, Seibold JR, et al. Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Feb 1;120(3):199-206.
32. Walker KM, Pope J; participating members of the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium (SCTC), Canadian Scleroderma Research Group (CSRG). Treatment of systemic sclerosis complications: what to use when first-line treatment fails - a consensus of systemic sclerosis experts. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Aug;42(1):42-55.
33. Pope JE. Musculoskeletal involvement in scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2003 May;29(2):391-408.
34. Steen VD. Scleroderma renal crisis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2003 May;29(2):315-33.
35. Teixeira L, Mahr A, Berezne A, et al. Scleroderma renal crisis, still a life-threatening complication. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jun;1108:249-58.
36. Penn H, Howie AJ, Kingdon EJ, et al. Scleroderma renal crisis: patient characteristics and long-term outcomes. QJM. 2007 Aug;100(8):485-94.
37. Steen VD, DeMarco P. Complications in the use of angiotensin receptor blockers in the treatment of scleroderma renal crisis. (American College of Rheumatology 2001 Annual Scientific Meeting abstracts; abstract 2064.) Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Feb;44 Suppl 9:S397.
38. European Medicines Agency. European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide. July 2013 [internet publication].
39. European Medicines Agency. CMDh confirms recommendations on restricting use of domperidone-containing medicines. April 2014 [internet publication].
40. Engel G, Rockson SG. Treprostinil for the treatment of severe digital necrosis in systemic sclerosis. Vasc Med. 2005;10:29-32.
41. Chung L, Fiorentino D. A pilot trial of treprostinil for the treatment and prevention of digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:880-882.
42. Abraham DJ, Shiwen X, Black CM, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha suppresses the induction of connective tissue growth factor by transforming growth factor-beta in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:15220-15225.
43. McGonagle D, Tan AL, Madden J, et al. Successful treatment of resistant scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:552-553.
44. Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, et al. Experience with rituximab in scleroderma: results from a 1-year, proof-of-principle study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:271-280.
45. Papadakis V, Karakasis D, Sfikakis PP, et al. Is imatinib mesylate a promising drug in scleroderma due to extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease? Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50:471-474.
46. Soria A, Cario-André M, Lepreux S, et al. The effect of imatinib (Glivec®) on scleroderma and normal dermal fibroblasts: a preclinical study. Dermatology. 2008;216:109-117.
47. Pope J, McBain D, Petrlich L, et al. Imatinib in active diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: Results of a six-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept pilot study at a single center. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:3547-3551.
48. Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 22;354(25):2655-66.
49. Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, et al. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Sep;37(9):1283-9.
50. Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Effects of 1-year treatment with cyclophosphamide on outcomes at 2 years in scleroderma lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Nov 15;176(10):1026-34.
51. Hoyles RK, Ellis RW, Wellsbury J, et al. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by oral azathioprine for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Dec;54(12):3962-70.
52. Khanna D, Denton CP, Jahreis A, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in adults with systemic sclerosis (faSScinate): a phase 2, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Jun 25;387(10038):2630-40.
53. Daoussis D, Melissaropoulos K, Sakellaropoulos G, et al. A multicenter, open-label, comparative study of B-cell depletion therapy with Rituximab for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017 Apr;46(5):625-31.
54. Pope JE. Scleroderma overlap syndromes. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002 Nov;14(6):704-10.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台