托伐普坦
托伐普坦是一种血管加压素拮抗剂,可缓解急性充血性心力衰竭的症状,但可能无法降低并发症发病率或死亡率。[87]Konstam MA, Gheorghiade M, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: the EVEREST Outcome Trial. JAMA. 2007 Mar 28;297(12):1319-31.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/297/12/1319http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17384437?tool=bestpractice.com 对于有容量过负荷、低钠血症(<130 mmol/L [<130 mEq/L])以及低钠血症症状的患者,应考虑使用托伐普坦,以短期纠正低钠血症和相关症状。[9]Ezekowitz JA, O'Meara E, McDonald MA, et al. 2017 comprehensive update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of heart failure. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Nov;33(11):1342-1433.https://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(17)30973-X/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29111106?tool=bestpractice.com
桂哌齐特
桂哌齐特是一种血管扩张剂,与多巴酚丁胺相比,可显著改善失代偿性心力衰竭患者的症状且副作用较小。[88]Lu Y, Huang D, Dou C, et al. Clinical efficacy of intravenous cinepazide in the treatment of severe decompensated heart failure. Biomedical Research (India). 2012;23(4):561-5.
其他研究中的药物
这些药物包括乌拉利肽、替唑生坦、istaroxime、哌克昔林、松弛素和心肌肌球蛋白激动剂。 这些药物尚处在研究中,不常规用于急性心力衰竭的治疗。 [89]De Luca L, Mebazaa A, Filippatos G, et al. Overview of emerging pharmacologic agents for acute heart failure syndromes. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008 Feb;10(2):201-13.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.01.002/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18279775?tool=bestpractice.com[90]De Luca L, Fonarow GC, Mebazaa A, et al. Early pharmacological treatment of acute heart failure syndromes: a systematic review of clinical trials. Acute Card Care. 2007;9(1):10-21.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17453534?tool=bestpractice.com[91]deGoma EM, Vagelos RH, Fowler MB, et al. Emerging therapies for the management of decompensated heart failure: from bench to bedside. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Dec 19;48(12):2397-409.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17174176?tool=bestpractice.com[92]Teerlink JR, Metra M, Felker GM, et al. Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study. Lancet. 2009 Apr 25;373(9673):1429-39.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329178?tool=bestpractice.com 腺苷 A1-受体拮抗剂(例如 tonapofylline 和 rolofylline)在初步研究中没有显示任何临床获益。[93]Ensor CR, Russell SD. Tonapofylline: a selective adenosine-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Oct;11(14):2405-15.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807184?tool=bestpractice.com[94]Massie BM, O'Connor CM, Metra M, et al. Rolofylline, an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 7;363(15):1419-28.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0912613#t=articleTophttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925544?tool=bestpractice.com 与安慰剂相比,rolofylline 对于急性心力衰竭和肾功能损害患者没有显示出任何益处。[94]Massie BM, O'Connor CM, Metra M, et al. Rolofylline, an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 7;363(15):1419-28.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0912613#t=articleTophttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925544?tool=bestpractice.com 在一项急性心力衰竭(射血分数<40%)患者 2 期试验中,与安慰剂相比,使用 omecamtiv mecarbil(一种选择性小分子心肌肌球蛋白激活剂)治疗并未改善呼吸困难的主要终点或任何预先指定的次要终点。[95]Teerlink JR, Felker GM, McMurray JJ, et al; ATOMIC-AHF Investigators. Acute treatment with omecamtiv mecarbil to increase contractility in acute heart failure: the ATOMIC-AHF study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Mar 29;67(12):1444-55.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S073510971600351Xhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27012405?tool=bestpractice.com