根据入院时的临床情况,住院期间死亡率为 2%-20%。[96]Fonarow GC, Adams KF Jr, Abraham WT, et al. Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis. JAMA. 2005 Feb 2;293(5):572-80.http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/293/5/572http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15687312?tool=bestpractice.com 不良临床结局的预测因素包括:低血压、肾功能不全、高龄、男性、缺血性充血性心力衰竭 (CHF)、既往充血性心力衰竭病史、入院时呼吸率>30 次/分、贫血、低钠血症、肌钙蛋白升高、B 型脑钠肽升高及其他共病(例如癌症)。[97]Dec GW. Management of acute decompensated heart failure. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2007 Jun;32(6):321-66.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17531903?tool=bestpractice.com
一项研究发现,在心力衰竭住院患者中,整个射血分数范围内的患者类似地拥有较低的 5 年存活率,且因心血管疾病和心力衰竭而住院的风险升高。[98]Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA, et al. Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Nov 14;70(20):2476-86.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29141781?tool=bestpractice.com 无论射血分数的情况如何,此队列中的所有患者在首次住院后的 5 年时均具有显著较高的死亡率 (75.4%)。[98]Shah KS, Xu H, Matsouaka RA, et al. Heart failure with preserved, borderline, and reduced ejection fraction: 5-year outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Nov 14;70(20):2476-86.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29141781?tool=bestpractice.com