亚特兰大分类[2]Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al; Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis - 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62:102-111.http://gut.bmj.com/content/62/1/102.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100216?tool=bestpractice.com
改善后的急性胰腺炎分类将该疾病分为早期和晚期。严重程度分为轻度、中度或重度。[2]Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al; Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis - 2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut. 2013;62:102-111.http://gut.bmj.com/content/62/1/102.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100216?tool=bestpractice.com
轻度急性胰腺炎:最为常见,无器官衰竭或者局部或全身性并发症,并且通常在第一周内消退。
中重度急性胰腺炎:出现暂时性器官衰竭(在 48 小时内消退),和/或局部并发症或共病加重。
重症急性胰腺炎:持续性器官衰竭(超过 48 小时)。局部并发症有胰腺周围积液、胰腺及胰腺周围坏死(无菌性或感染性)、假性囊肿以及包裹性坏死(无菌性或感染性)。
Balthazar CT分级
根据胰腺炎症的严重程度,以及增强 CT 扫描是否存在表示坏死的积液或积气作出分级。[3]Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, et al. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology. 1990;174:331-336.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296641?tool=bestpractice.com
A:正常
B:胰腺局限性或弥漫性肿大;局限性积液
C:除B级病变外,还有胰周炎性改变、坏死面积小于 30%
D:任一上述表现、胰腺外有单发性积液区和坏死面积达到 30~50%
E:任一上述表现、广泛性胰外积液、胰腺脓肿和坏死面积大于 50%。
一般病理分类
外科教科书往往根据病理/组织学特征,鉴别水肿型胰腺炎和出血型胰腺炎:
水肿型胰腺炎:胰腺实质和周围腹膜后组织充血水肿,炎性细胞浸润[4]Doherty GM, Meko JB, Olson JA, et al. Chapter 17: Pancreas. In: The Washington manual of surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999.[5]Way LW, Doherty GM. Chapter 27: Pancreas. In: Current surgical diagnosis & treatment. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003.
出血型胰腺炎:胰腺实质和周围腹膜后组织出血,伴有广泛性胰腺坏死。[4]Doherty GM, Meko JB, Olson JA, et al. Chapter 17: Pancreas. In: The Washington manual of surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999.[5]Way LW, Doherty GM. Chapter 27: Pancreas. In: Current surgical diagnosis & treatment. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003.