胰腺炎与内镜逆行胰胆管造影术期间使用造影剂有关。ERCP导致的胰腺炎发病率是 2~3%,一些研究显示,使用非甾体抗炎药、[20]Akbar A, Abu Dayyeh BK, Baron TH, et al. Rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are superior to pancreatic duct stents in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a network meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013;11:778-783.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376320?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Ding X, Chen M, Huang S, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76:1152-1159.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23164513?tool=bestpractice.com[22]Yaghoobi M, Rolland S, Waschke KA, et al. Meta-analysis: rectal indomethacin for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:995-1001.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24099466?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Elmunzer BJ, Higgins PD, Saini SD, et al; United States Cooperative for Outcomes Research in Endoscopy. Does rectal indomethacin eliminate the need for prophylactic pancreatic stent placement in patients undergoing high-risk ERCP? Post hoc efficacy and cost-benefit analyses using prospective clinical trial data. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108:410-415.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947644/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23295278?tool=bestpractice.com胰管支架、导丝、[24]Tse F, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P, et al. Guide wire-assisted cannulation for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2013;45:605-618.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23807804?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Kobayashi G, Fujita N, Imaizumi K, et al. Wire-guided biliary cannulation technique does not reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis: multicenter randomized controlled trial. Dig Endosc. 2013;25:295-302.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23368891?tool=bestpractice.com 和奥曲肽,可以减少风险。年轻女性、嵌顿结石、壶腹或胆管水肿患者以及不当的操作会增加ERCP后患胰腺炎的风险。[26]Andriulli A, Leandro G, Niro G, et al. Pharmacologic treatment can prevent pancreatic injury after ERCP: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;51:1-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10625786?tool=bestpractice.com[27]Andriulli A, Caruso N, Quitadamo M, et al. Antisecretory vs. antiproteasic drugs in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: the evidence-based medicine derived from a meta-analysis study. JOP. 2003;4:41-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12555015?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Singh P, Das A, Isenberg G, et al. Does prophylactic pancreatic stent placement reduce the risk of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60:544-550.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472676?tool=bestpractice.com