疼痛
一般来说,无论何种原因造成的疼痛均可随时间自行减轻或消失:67%的青少年特发性慢性胰腺炎患者27年后疼痛消失,64%的迟发性特发性慢性胰腺炎患者为13年,而77%的酒精性慢性胰腺炎患者为14年。[29]Mullhaupt B, Truninger K, Ammann R. Impact of etiology on the painful early stage of chronic pancreatitis: a long-term prospective study. Z Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec;43(12):1293-301.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315124?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Layer P, Yamamoto H, Kalthoff L, et al. The different courses of early- and late-onset idiopathic and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1994 Nov;107(5):1481-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7926511?tool=bestpractice.com 约60%~80%的患者疼痛缓解与疾病晚期发生胰腺钙化以及胰腺外分泌/内分泌功能障碍等并发症有关,而与胰腺炎的病因和/或外科手术治疗无关。[29]Mullhaupt B, Truninger K, Ammann R. Impact of etiology on the painful early stage of chronic pancreatitis: a long-term prospective study. Z Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec;43(12):1293-301.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315124?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Layer P, Yamamoto H, Kalthoff L, et al. The different courses of early- and late-onset idiopathic and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1994 Nov;107(5):1481-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7926511?tool=bestpractice.com[138]Girdwood AH, Marks IN, Bornman PC, et al. Does progressive pancreatic insufficiency limit pain in calcific pancreatitis with duct stricture or continued alcohol insult? J Clin Gastroenterol. 1981 Sep;3(3):241-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7288117?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,患者的疼痛各有不同且不可预测,疼痛并不一定会随时间减轻。[139]Lankisch PG, Seidensticker F, Lohr-Happe A, et al. The course of pain is the same in alcohol- and nonalcohol-induced chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas. 1995 May;10(4):338-41.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792289?tool=bestpractice.com 疼痛复发(疼痛缓解2年及以上)常与胰腺炎、假性囊肿和梗阻性胆汁淤积有关,[29]Mullhaupt B, Truninger K, Ammann R. Impact of etiology on the painful early stage of chronic pancreatitis: a long-term prospective study. Z Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec;43(12):1293-301.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315124?tool=bestpractice.com[136]Ammann RW, Muellhaupt B. The natural history of pain in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1999 May;116(5):1132-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10220505?tool=bestpractice.com 后两者是造成经常性/持续性疼痛的最常见病因。
生存
确诊后的10年生存率较健康者下降20%~30%。[301]Seicean A, Tantau M, Grigorescu M, et al. Mortality risk factors in chronic pancreatitis. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2006 Mar;15(1):21-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16680228?tool=bestpractice.com 长期疾病自然史研究结果表明,慢性胰腺炎的中位生存期因病因不同而有所差异(青少年特发性慢性胰腺炎为50年;迟发性特发性慢性胰腺炎为77~80年;酒精性慢性胰腺炎为55~72年;遗传性胰腺炎为44年)。 此外,不同病因慢性胰腺炎最常见的致死因素也有所差异。 青少年特发性慢性胰腺炎最常见的致死因素是胰腺癌。 迟发性特发性慢性胰腺炎最常见的致死因素为心血管疾病和胰腺外恶性肿瘤,其次为胰腺炎并发症。 酒精性慢性胰腺炎最常见的致死因素是心血管疾病,其次为胰腺炎并发症; 遗传性胰腺炎最常见的致死因素为恶性肿瘤。[29]Mullhaupt B, Truninger K, Ammann R. Impact of etiology on the painful early stage of chronic pancreatitis: a long-term prospective study. Z Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec;43(12):1293-301.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16315124?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Layer P, Yamamoto H, Kalthoff L, et al. The different courses of early- and late-onset idiopathic and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 1994 Nov;107(5):1481-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7926511?tool=bestpractice.com