BPPV缓解:有高质量的证据表明,颗粒复位操作(PRM)与假操作相比,前者可增进BPPV缓解。[2]Hilton MP, Pinder DK. The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD003162.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003162.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485940?tool=bestpractice.com[42]Helminski JO, Zee DS, Janssen I, et al. Effectiveness of particle repositioning maneuvers in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2010;90:663-678.http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/90/5/663.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20338918?tool=bestpractice.com[43]Prim-Espada MP, De Diego-Sastre JI, Pérez-Fernández E, et al. Meta-analysis on the efficacy of Epley's manoeuvre in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [in Spanish]. Neurologia. 2010; 25: 295-299.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643039?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有高质量的证据表明,颗粒复位操作(PRM)与假操作相比,前者可增进BPPV缓解。[2]Hilton MP, Pinder DK. The Epley (canalith repositioning) manoeuvre for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD003162.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003162.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25485940?tool=bestpractice.com[42]Helminski JO, Zee DS, Janssen I, et al. Effectiveness of particle repositioning maneuvers in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a systematic review. Phys Ther. 2010;90:663-678.http://ptjournal.apta.org/content/90/5/663.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20338918?tool=bestpractice.com[43]Prim-Espada MP, De Diego-Sastre JI, Pérez-Fernández E, et al. Meta-analysis on the efficacy of Epley's manoeuvre in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [in Spanish]. Neurologia. 2010; 25: 295-299.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643039?tool=bestpractice.com
操作后指导效力:有高质量的证据说明,操作后指导(例如,严格遵守使用颈托和至少 48 小时的直立位)不是有效的。[49]Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067-2074.http://www.neurology.org/content/70/22/2067.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505980?tool=bestpractice.com[58]Gordon CR, Gadoth N. Repeated vs single physical maneuver in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110:166-169.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15285773?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Devaiah AK, Andreoli S. Postmaneuver restrictions in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;142:155-159.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20115966?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
操作后指导效力:有高质量的证据说明,操作后指导(例如,严格遵守使用颈托和至少 48 小时的直立位)不是有效的。[49]Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067-2074.http://www.neurology.org/content/70/22/2067.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505980?tool=bestpractice.com[58]Gordon CR, Gadoth N. Repeated vs single physical maneuver in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110:166-169.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15285773?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Devaiah AK, Andreoli S. Postmaneuver restrictions in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;142:155-159.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20115966?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有高质量的证据证明,后半规管阻塞术是有效的治疗,而且由于其疗效好,技术问题更少,重复性更高和听力受损风险更低,所以优于单纯的神经切除术。[79]Shaia WT, Zappia JJ, Bojrab DI, et al. Success of posterior semicircular canal occlusion and application of the dizziness handicap inventory. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:424-430.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500439?tool=bestpractice.com[86]Leveque M, Labrousse M, Seidermann L, et al. Surgical therapy in intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136:693-698.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478200?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有高质量的证据证明,后半规管阻塞术是有效的治疗,而且由于其疗效好,技术问题更少,重复性更高和听力受损风险更低,所以优于单纯的神经切除术。[79]Shaia WT, Zappia JJ, Bojrab DI, et al. Success of posterior semicircular canal occlusion and application of the dizziness handicap inventory. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:424-430.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500439?tool=bestpractice.com[86]Leveque M, Labrousse M, Seidermann L, et al. Surgical therapy in intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;136:693-698.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478200?tool=bestpractice.com
症状缓解:有中等质量证据表明苯二氮卓类药物(劳拉西泮和地西泮)与安慰剂在缓解BPPV症状方面的疗效没有差异。[47]McClure JA, Willett JM. Lorazepam and diazepam in the treatment of benign paroxysmal vertigo. J Otolaryngol. 1980;9:472-477.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6110782?tool=bestpractice.com前庭抑制药物治疗在缓解症状方面似乎比前庭训练的效果更差。[48]Fujino A, Tokumasu K, Yosio S, et al. Vestibular training for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Its efficacy in comparison with antivertigo drugs. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120:497-504.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8172700?tool=bestpractice.com没有证据支持在BPPV中常规使用的药物治疗。[49]Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067-2074.http://www.neurology.org/content/70/22/2067.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505980?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状缓解:有中等质量证据表明苯二氮卓类药物(劳拉西泮和地西泮)与安慰剂在缓解BPPV症状方面的疗效没有差异。[47]McClure JA, Willett JM. Lorazepam and diazepam in the treatment of benign paroxysmal vertigo. J Otolaryngol. 1980;9:472-477.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6110782?tool=bestpractice.com前庭抑制药物治疗在缓解症状方面似乎比前庭训练的效果更差。[48]Fujino A, Tokumasu K, Yosio S, et al. Vestibular training for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Its efficacy in comparison with antivertigo drugs. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;120:497-504.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8172700?tool=bestpractice.com没有证据支持在BPPV中常规使用的药物治疗。[49]Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067-2074.http://www.neurology.org/content/70/22/2067.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505980?tool=bestpractice.com
颗粒复位操作(PRM)的疗效:有中等质量证据证明单次PRM与在一段时间内多次PRM一样有效。[58]Gordon CR, Gadoth N. Repeated vs single physical maneuver in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110:166-169.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15285773?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
颗粒复位操作(PRM)的疗效:有中等质量证据证明单次PRM与在一段时间内多次PRM一样有效。[58]Gordon CR, Gadoth N. Repeated vs single physical maneuver in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110:166-169.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15285773?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有中等质量证据表明Semont(释放)操作与对照组相比是非常有效的,[54]Salvinelli F, Trivelli M, Casale M, et al. Treatment of benign positional vertigo in the elderly: a randomized trial. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:827-831.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15126738?tool=bestpractice.com但与颗粒复位操作相比,在成功率上没有显著差异。[40]Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1034-1040.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151355?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Salvinelli F, Trivelli M, Casale M, et al. Treatment of benign positional vertigo in the elderly: a randomized trial. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:827-831.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15126738?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Cohen HS, Jerabek J. Efficacy of treatments for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:584-590.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10201745?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Herdman SJ, Tusa RJ, Zee DS, et al. Single treatment approaches to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:450-454.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8457308?tool=bestpractice.com一份来自美国神经病学学会的BPPV治疗分会的 2008 年的循证报告发现,Semont操作可能是BPPV的一种有效治疗。[49]Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067-2074.http://www.neurology.org/content/70/22/2067.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505980?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有中等质量证据表明Semont(释放)操作与对照组相比是非常有效的,[54]Salvinelli F, Trivelli M, Casale M, et al. Treatment of benign positional vertigo in the elderly: a randomized trial. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:827-831.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15126738?tool=bestpractice.com但与颗粒复位操作相比,在成功率上没有显著差异。[40]Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1034-1040.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151355?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Salvinelli F, Trivelli M, Casale M, et al. Treatment of benign positional vertigo in the elderly: a randomized trial. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:827-831.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15126738?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Cohen HS, Jerabek J. Efficacy of treatments for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Laryngoscope. 1999;109:584-590.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10201745?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Herdman SJ, Tusa RJ, Zee DS, et al. Single treatment approaches to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;119:450-454.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8457308?tool=bestpractice.com一份来自美国神经病学学会的BPPV治疗分会的 2008 年的循证报告发现,Semont操作可能是BPPV的一种有效治疗。[49]Fife TD, Iverson DJ, Lempert T, et al. Practice parameter: therapies for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70:2067-2074.http://www.neurology.org/content/70/22/2067.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505980?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有中等质量证据表明,Brandt-Daroff训练能有效治疗BPPV。[40]Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1034-1040.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151355?tool=bestpractice.com[68]Angeli SI, Hawley R, Gomez O. Systematic approach to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;128:719-725.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12748567?tool=bestpractice.com[69]Brandt T, Daroff RB. Physical therapy for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Arch Otolaryngol. 1980;106:484-485.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7396795?tool=bestpractice.com[70]Brandt T, Steddin S, Daroff RB. Therapy for benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, revisited. Neurology. 1994;44:796-800.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8190277?tool=bestpractice.com然而,颗粒复位操作和释放操作是最有效的。[40]Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1034-1040.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151355?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有中等质量证据表明,Brandt-Daroff训练能有效治疗BPPV。[40]Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1034-1040.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151355?tool=bestpractice.com[68]Angeli SI, Hawley R, Gomez O. Systematic approach to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;128:719-725.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12748567?tool=bestpractice.com[69]Brandt T, Daroff RB. Physical therapy for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Arch Otolaryngol. 1980;106:484-485.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7396795?tool=bestpractice.com[70]Brandt T, Steddin S, Daroff RB. Therapy for benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, revisited. Neurology. 1994;44:796-800.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8190277?tool=bestpractice.com然而,颗粒复位操作和释放操作是最有效的。[40]Cohen HS, Kimball KT. Effectiveness of treatments for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of the posterior canal. Otol Neurotol. 2005;26:1034-1040.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151355?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有中等质量的证据表明,与对照组相比,在 3 个月时前庭习惯疗法与颗粒复位操作(PRM)一样有效。[73]Steenerson RL, Cronin GW. Comparison of the canalith repositioning procedure and vestibular habituation training in forty patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;114:61-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8570252?tool=bestpractice.com一项Cochrane综述发现,对于单侧BPPV,与前庭康复相比,PRM在短期内改善头晕的治愈率方面更有效;然而,PRM与前庭康复相结合在长期方面是有效的。[71]McDonnell MN, Hillier SL. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(1):CD005397 [Epub ahead of print].http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25581507?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有中等质量的证据表明,与对照组相比,在 3 个月时前庭习惯疗法与颗粒复位操作(PRM)一样有效。[73]Steenerson RL, Cronin GW. Comparison of the canalith repositioning procedure and vestibular habituation training in forty patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;114:61-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8570252?tool=bestpractice.com一项Cochrane综述发现,对于单侧BPPV,与前庭康复相比,PRM在短期内改善头晕的治愈率方面更有效;然而,PRM与前庭康复相结合在长期方面是有效的。[71]McDonnell MN, Hillier SL. Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(1):CD005397 [Epub ahead of print].http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005397.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25581507?tool=bestpractice.com
症状反应主观性BPPV:有中等质量的证据证明,颗粒复位操作在 93% 的患者中导致主观性反应。[37]Tirelli G, D'Orlando E, Giacomarra V, et al. Benign positional vertigo without detectable nystagmus. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:1053-1056.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404620?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状反应主观性BPPV:有中等质量的证据证明,颗粒复位操作在 93% 的患者中导致主观性反应。[37]Tirelli G, D'Orlando E, Giacomarra V, et al. Benign positional vertigo without detectable nystagmus. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:1053-1056.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11404620?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,Epley Omniax是有效的,在 1 次治疗后有 87% 的成功率,在多次治疗有 98% 的成功率。[74]Nakayama M, Epley JM. BPPV and variants: improved treatment results with automated, nystagmus-based repositioning. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;133:107-112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16025062?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,Epley Omniax是有效的,在 1 次治疗后有 87% 的成功率,在多次治疗有 98% 的成功率。[74]Nakayama M, Epley JM. BPPV and variants: improved treatment results with automated, nystagmus-based repositioning. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;133:107-112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16025062?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,使用颗粒复位操作治疗原发性和继发性BPPV的患者,有很高的缓解率。[75]O'Reilly RC, Elford B, Slater R. Effectiveness of the particle repositioning maneuver in subtypes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:1385-1388.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10942146?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,使用颗粒复位操作治疗原发性和继发性BPPV的患者,有很高的缓解率。[75]O'Reilly RC, Elford B, Slater R. Effectiveness of the particle repositioning maneuver in subtypes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:1385-1388.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10942146?tool=bestpractice.com
继发性BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,虽然与非外伤性的形式相比,来自外伤事件的继发性BPPV(定义为有记录的头部外伤 3 日内眩晕)更难治疗,且具有更高的复发率,但是其也适合用颗粒复位操作治疗。[76]Gordon CR, Levite R, Joffe V, et al. Is posttraumatic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo different from the idiopathic form? Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1590-1593.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15477514?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
继发性BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,虽然与非外伤性的形式相比,来自外伤事件的继发性BPPV(定义为有记录的头部外伤 3 日内眩晕)更难治疗,且具有更高的复发率,但是其也适合用颗粒复位操作治疗。[76]Gordon CR, Levite R, Joffe V, et al. Is posttraumatic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo different from the idiopathic form? Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1590-1593.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15477514?tool=bestpractice.com
BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,重复颗粒复位操作对治疗双侧BPPV可能有效。[38]Kaplan DM, Nash M, Niv A, et al. Management of bilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005.133:769-773.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274807?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
BPPV缓解:有质量差的证据证明,重复颗粒复位操作对治疗双侧BPPV可能有效。[38]Kaplan DM, Nash M, Niv A, et al. Management of bilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005.133:769-773.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16274807?tool=bestpractice.com