早产儿比足月儿更常出现持续性PDA。[2]Moore P, Brook MM, Heymann MA. Patent ductus arteriosus. In: Moss and Adams heart disease in infants, children and adolescents. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2001. PDA 是导管未成熟导致的继发疾病。[3]Gittenburger-De Groot AC, van Ertbruggen I, Moulaert AJ, et al. The ductus arteriosus in the preterm infant: histologic and clinical observations. J Pediatr. 1980;96:88-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7350322?tool=bestpractice.com 自超声心动图问世以来，发现足月儿的PDA 发病率约为每 1000 人中 1 至 2 例。[4]Botto LD, Correa A, Erickson JD. Racial and temporal variations in the prevalence of heart defects. Pediatrics. 2001;107:E32.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/107/3/e32.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230613?tool=bestpractice.com 该估计值高于之前的预期，因为它包括无临床表现的 PDA。[5]Lloyd TR, Beekman RH III. Clinical silent patent ductus arteriosus. Am Heart J. 1994;127:1664-1665. 这一估计值较高是因为涵盖了无临床表现的 PDA。[5]Lloyd TR, Beekman RH III. Clinical silent patent ductus arteriosus. Am Heart J. 1994;127:1664-1665. 在全球范围内，女性和较高海拔地区出生的儿童发病率较高。[6]Rothman KJ, Fyler DC. Sex, birth order, and maternal age characteristics of infants with congenital heart defects. Am J Epidemiol. 1976;104:527-534.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/984027?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Miao CY, Zuberbuhler JS, Zuberbuhler JR. Prevalence of congenital cardiac anomalies at high altitude. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:224-228.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3379209?tool=bestpractice.com
