维生素 B12 缺乏症

Devalia V, Hamilton MS, Molloy AM; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders. Br J Haematol. 2014 Aug;166(4):496-513.

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Snow CF. Laboratory diagnosis of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency: a guide for the primary care physician. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jun 28;159(12):1289-98.

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Pennypacker LC, Allen RH, Kelly JP, et al. High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in elderly outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 Dec;40(12):1197-204.

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Andres E, Loukili NH, Noel E, et al. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients. CMAJ. 2004 Aug 3;171(3):251-9.

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Stabler SP. Clinical practice. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 10;368(2):149-60.

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Wang H, Li L, Qin LL, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 15;(3):CD004655.

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Carmel R. How I treat cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2214-21.

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1.  Devalia V, Hamilton MS, Molloy AM; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin and folate disorders. Br J Haematol. 2014 Aug;166(4):496-513.

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2.  Snow CF. Laboratory diagnosis of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency: a guide for the primary care physician. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jun 28;159(12):1289-98.

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3.  Tucker KL, Rich S, Rosenberg I, et al. Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations relate to intake source in the Framingham Offspring study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Feb;71(2):514-22.

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4.  Pennypacker LC, Allen RH, Kelly JP, et al. High prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in elderly outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992 Dec;40(12):1197-204.

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5.  Clarke R, Grimley Evans J, Schneede J, et al. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in later life. Age Ageing. 2004 Jan;33(1):34-41.

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6.  Andres E, Loukili NH, Noel E, et al. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients. CMAJ. 2004 Aug 3;171(3):251-9.

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7.  Pfisterer KJ, Sharratt MT, Heckman GG, et al. Vitamin B12 status in older adults living in Ontario long-term care homes: prevalence and incidence of deficiency with supplementation as a protective factor. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Feb;41(2):219-22.

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8.  Björkegren K, Svärdsudd K. Serum cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine as vitamin B12 and folate tissue deficiency markers amongst elderly Swedes - a population-based study. J Intern Med. 2001 May;249(5):423-32.

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9.  Yajnik CS, Deshpande SS, Lubree HG, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians. J Assoc Physicians India. 2006 Oct;54:775-82.

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10.  Fakhrzadeh H, Ghotbi S, Pourebrahim R, et al. Total plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 status in healthy Iranian adults: the Tehran homocysteine survey (2003-2004)/a cross-sectional population based study. BMC Public Health. 2006 Feb 13;6:29.

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11.  Loikas S, Koskinen P, Irjala K, et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the aged: a population-based study. Age Ageing. 2007 Mar;36(2):177-83.

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12.  Weng TC, Chang CH, Dong YH, et al. Anaemia and related nutrient deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015 Jul 16;5(7):e006964.

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13.  Sukumar N, Rafnsson SB, Kandala NB, et al. Prevalence of vitamin B-12 insufficiency during pregnancy and its effect on offspring birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 May;103(5):1232-51.

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14.  Marino MC, de Olivera CA, Rocha AM, et al. Longterm effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on plasma homocysteine in elderly patients with cobalamin deficiency. Gut. 2007 Apr;56(4):469-74.

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15.  Kaptan K, Beyan C, Ural AU, et al. Helicobacter pylori - is it a novel causative agent in vitamin B12 deficiency? Arch Intern Med. 2000 May 8;160(9):1349-53.

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16.  Lewerin C, Jacobsson S, Lindstedt G, et al. Serum biomarkers for atrophic gastritis and antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in the elderly: implications for vitamin B12, folic acid and iron status and response to oral vitamin therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(9):1050-6.

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17.  Aslan K, Bozdemir H, Unsal C, et al. The effect of anticonvulsant drugs on vitamin B12 metabolism. Int J Lab Hematol. 2008 Feb;30(1):26-35.

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18.  Linnebank M, Moskau S, Semmler A, et al. Antiepileptic drugs interact with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels. Ann Neurol. 2011 Feb;69(2):352-9.

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19.  Stabler SP. Clinical practice. Vitamin B12 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 10;368(2):149-60.

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20.  Lindenbaum J, Healton EB, Savage DG, et al. Neuropsychiatric disorders caused by cobalamin deficiency in the absence of anemia or macrocytosis. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 30;318(26):1720-8.

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21.  Baik HW, Russell RM. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly. Annu Rev Nutr. 1999;19:357-77.

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22.  Shankar P, Boylan M, Sriram K. Micronutrient deficiencies after bariatric surgery. Nutrition. 2010;26:1031-1037.

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23.  Sumner AE, Chin MM, Abrahm JL, et al. Elevated methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine levels show high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency after gastric surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Mar 1;124(5):469-76.

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24.  Vargas-Ruiz AG, Hernandez-Rivera G, Herrera MF. Prevalence of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg. 2008 Mar;18(3):288-93.

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25.  Thompson WG, Wrathell E. The relation between ileal resection and vitamin B12 absorption. Can J Surg. 1977 Sep;20(5):461-4.

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26.  Duerksen DR, Fallows G, Bernstein CN. Vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with limited ileal resection. Nutrition. 2006 Nov-Dec;22(11-12):1210-3.

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27.  Herrmann W, Schorr H, Obeid R, et al. Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jul;78(1):131-6.

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28.  Tomkin GH, Hadden DR, Weaver JA, et al. Vitamin B12 status of patients on long-term metformin therapy. Br Med J. 1971 Jun 19;2(5763):685-7.

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29.  Andres E, Noel E, Goichot B. Metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Intern Med. 2002 Oct 28;162(19):2251-2.

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30.  Ting RZ, Szeto CC, Chan MH, et al. Risk factors of B(12) deficiency in patients receiving metformin. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Oct 9;166(18):1975-9.

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31.  Mazokopakis EE, Starakis IK. Recommendations for diagnosis and management of metformin-induced vitamin B12 (Cbl) deficiency. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Sep;97(3):359-67.

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32.  Chapman LE, Darling AL, Brown JE, et al. Association between metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab. 2016 Nov;42(5):316-27.

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33.  Aroda VR, Edelstein SL, Goldberg RB, et al. Long-term metformin use and vitamin b12 deficiency in the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;101(4):1754-61.

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34.  de Jager J, Kooy A, Lehert P, et al. Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2010 May 20;340:c2181.

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35.  Valuck RJ, Ruscin JM. A case-control study on adverse effects: H2 blocker or proton pump inhibitor use and risk of vitamin N B12 deficiency in older adults. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004 Apr;57(4):422-8.

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36.  Marcuard SP, Albernaz L, Khazanie PG. Omeprazole therapy causes malabsorption of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12). Ann Intern Med. 1994 Feb 1;120(3):211-5.

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37.  Jung SB, Nagaraja V, Kapur A, et al. Association between vitamin B12 deficiency and long-term use of acid-lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intern Med J. 2015 Apr;45(4):409-16.

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38.  Lam JR, Schneider JL, Zhao W, et al. Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency. JAMA. 2013 Dec 11;310(22):2435-42.

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39.  Lewerin C, Jacobsson S, Lindstedt G, et al. Serum biomarkers for atrophic gastritis and antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in the elderly: implications for vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron status and response to oral vitamin therapy. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(9):1050-6.

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40.  Pflipsen MC, Oh RC, Saguil A, et al. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;22(5):528-34.

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41.  Rogne T, Tielemans MJ, Chong MF, et al. Associations of maternal vitamin B12 concentration in pregnancy with the risks of preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Feb 1;185(3):212-23.

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42.  National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary supplement fact sheet: vitamin B12. March 2018 [internet publication].

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43.  Hoey L, Strain JJ, McNulty H. Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with vitamin B-12: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jun;89(6):1981S-96S.

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44.  Miller JW, Garrod MG, Rockwood AL, et al. Measurement of total vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin, singly and in combination, in screening for metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency. Clin Chem. 2006 Feb;52(2):278-85.

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45.  Obeid R, Herrmann W. Holotranscobalamin in laboratory diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency compared to total cobalamin and methylmalonic acid. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2007;45(12):1746-50.

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46.  Valente E, Scott JM, Ueland PM, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of holotranscobalamin, methylmalonic acid, serum cobalamin, and other indicators of tissue vitamin b12 status in the elderly. Clin Chem. 2011 Jun;57(6):856-63.

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47.  Slingerland DW, Cardarelli JA, Burrows BA, et al. The utility of serum gastrin levels in assessing the significance of low serum vitamin B12 levels. Arch Intern Med. 1984 Jun;144(6):1167-8.

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48.  Shankar P, Boylan M, Sriram K. Micronutrient deficiencies after bariatric surgery. Nutrition. 2010;26:1031-1037.

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49.  Mechanick JI, Youdim A, Jones DB, et al; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; Obesity Society; American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery. Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutritional, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of the bariatric surgery patient - 2013 update. Endocr Pract. 2013 Mar-Apr;19(2):337-72.

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50.  Savage DG, Lindenbaum J, Stabler SP, et al. Sensitivity of serum methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine determinations for diagnosing cobalamin and folate deficiencies. Am J Med. 1994 Mar;96(3):239-46.

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51.  American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., (DSM-5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

52.  Wile DJ, Toth C. Association of metformin, elevated homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid levels and clinically worsened diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jan;33(1):156-61.

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53.  Hsing AW, Hansson LE, McLaughlin JK, et al. Pernicious anemia and subsequent cancer: a population-based cohort study. Cancer. 1993 Feb 1;71(3):745-50.

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54.  Kuzminski AM, Del Giacco EJ, Allen RH, et al. Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin. Blood. 1998 Aug 15;92(4):1191-8.

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55.  Berlin H, Berlin R, Brante G. Oral treatment of pernicious anemia with high doses of vitamin B12 without intrinsic factor. Acta Med Scand. 1968 Oct;184(4):247-58.

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56.  Wang H, Li L, Qin LL, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Mar 15;(3):CD004655.

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57.  Sharabi A, Cohen E, Sulkes J, et al. Replacement therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency: comparison between the sublingual and oral route. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;56(6):635-8.

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58.  Slot WB, Merkus FW, Van Deventer SJ, et al. Normalization of plasma vitamin B12 concentration by intranasal hydroxocobalamin in vitamin B12-deficient patients. Gastroenterology. 1997 Aug;113(2):430-3.

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59.  Parry-Strong A, Langdana F, Haeusler S, et al. Sublingual vitamin B12 compared to intramuscular injection in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: a randomised trial. N Z Med J. 2016 Jun 10;129(1436):67-75.

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60.  Carmel R. How I treat cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2214-21.

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61.  Butler CC, Vidal-Alaball J, Cannings-John R, et al. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Fam Pract. 2006 Jun;23(3):279-85.

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63.  Mahawar KK, Reid A, Graham Y, et al. Oral vitamin B12 supplementation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2018 Jan 9 [Epub ahead of print].

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65.  Andrès E, Dali-Youcef N, Vogel T, et al. Oral cobalamin (vitamin B(12)) treatment: an update. Int J Lab Hematol. 2009 Feb;31(1):1-8.

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66.  Rajan S, Wallace JI, Brodkin KI, et al. Response of elevated methylmalonic acid to three dose levels of oral cobalamin in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002 Nov;50(11):1789-95.

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67.  Eussen SJ, de Groot LC, Clarke R, et al. Oral cyanocobalamin supplementation in older people with vitamin B12 deficiency: a dose-finding trial. Arch Intern Med. 2005 May 23;165(10):1167-72.

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68.  Andrès E, Fothergill H, Mecili M. Efficacy of oral cobalamin (vitamin B12) therapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Feb;11(2):249-56.

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71.  Healton EB, Savage DG, Brust JC, et al. Neurologic aspects of cobalamin deficiency. Medicine (Baltimore). 1991 Jul;70(4):229-45.

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72.  Dangour AD, Whitehouse PJ, Rafferty K, et al. B-vitamins and fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(1):205-24.

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