因为乙型肝炎是发生冷球蛋白血症的危险因素,因此进行免疫接种以预防感染进而预防乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染后遗症可在一级预防中发挥作用。
在美国,疾病控制中心 (CDC) 建议婴儿接受常规乙型肝炎疫苗接种。[10]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0 through 18 years - United States, 2016. Jan 2016. http://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 4 August 2017).http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html对于成人,仅建议对存在生活方式、医疗或其他危险因素的人群给予乙型肝炎疫苗接种。[11]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended adult immunization schedule - United States, 2016. April 2016. http://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 4 August 2017).http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/adult.html