Suresh E. Diagnostic approach to patients with suspected vasculitis. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82:483-488.
Saadoun D, Delluc A, Piette JC, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20:23-28.
De Vita S, Quartuccio L, Isola M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:843-853.
1. Dispenzieri A, Gorevic PD. Cryoglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1999;13:1315-1349.
2. Tedeschi A, Barate C, Minola E, et al. Cryoglobulinemia. Blood Rev. 2007;21:183-200.
3. Gorevic P, Kassab H, Levo Y, et al. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: clinical aspects and long term follow-up in 40 patients. Am J Med. 1980;69:287-308.
5. Brouet JC, Clauvel JP, Danon F, et al. Biological and clinical significance of cryoglobulins. A report of 86 cases. Am J Med. 1974:57:775-788.
6. Trejo O, Ramos-Casals M, Garcia-Carrasco M, et al. Cryoglobulinemia: study of etiologic factors and clinical and immunologic features in 443 patients from a single center. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001;80:252-262.
7. Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, et al. Mixed cryoglobulinemia: demographic, clinical, and serologic features and survival in 231 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2004;33:355-374.
8. Mascia MT, Ferrari D, Campioli D, et al. Non HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(suppl 1):S61-S64.
9. Kuroda Y, Kuroki A, Kikuchi S, et al. A critical role for sialylation in cryoglobulin activity of murine IgG3 monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol. 2005;175:1056-1061.
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended immunization schedule for persons aged 0 through 18 years - United States, 2016. Jan 2016. http://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 4 August 2017).
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended adult immunization schedule - United States, 2016. April 2016. http://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 4 August 2017).
12. Monti G, Galli M, Invernizzi F, et al. Cryoglobulinaemias: a multi-centre study of the early clinical and laboratory manifestations of primary and secondary disease. GISC. Italian Group for the Study of Cryoglobulinaemias. QJM. 1995;88:115-126.
13. Ghobrial IM, Gertz MA, Fonseca R. Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:679-685.
14. Wintrobe M, Buell M. Hyperproteinemia associated with multiple myeloma. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1933;52:156-165.
15. Ferri C, Mascia M. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006;18:54-63.
16. Suresh E. Diagnostic approach to patients with suspected vasculitis. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82:483-488.
17. Vitali C, Ferri C, Nasti P, et al. Hypercomplementaemia as a marker of the evolution from benign to malignant B cell proliferation in patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia.. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:791-792.
18. Lamprecht P, Moosig F, Gause A, et al. Immunological and clinical follow up of hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:385-390.
19. Ramos-Casals M, Loustaud-Ratti V, De Vita S, et al. Sjogren syndrome associated with hepatitis C virus: a multicenter analysis of 137 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:81-89.
20. Leone N, Pellicano R, Ariata Maiocco I, et al. Mixed cryoglobulinemia and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: the rheumatic manfestations. J Med Virol. 2002;66:200-203.
21. Lormeau C, Falgarone G, Roulot D, et al. Rheumatologic manifestations of chronic hepatitis C infection. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73:633-638.
22. Ammendola A, Sampaolo S, Ambrosone L, et al. Peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis-related mixed cryoglobulinemia: electrophysiologic follow-up study. Muscle Nerve. 2005;31:382-385.
23. Gemignani F, Brindani F, Alfieri S, et al. Clinical spectrum of cryoglobulinaemic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1410-1414.
24. Casato M, Saadoun D, Marchetti A, et al. Central nervous system involvement in hepatitis C virus cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: a multicenter case-control study using magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological tests. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:484-488.
25. Saadoun D, Landau DA, Calabrese LH, et al. Hepatitis C-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia: a crossroad between autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1234-1242.
26. Tarantino A, Campise M, Banfi G, et al. Long-term predictors of survival in essential mixed cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1995;47:618-623.
27. Beddhu S, Bastacky S, Johnson JP, et al. The clinical and morphologic spectrum of renal cryoglobulinemia. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002;81:398-409.
28. Kay J, McCluskey RT. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 31-2005. A 60-year-old man with skin lesions and renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1605-1613.
29. D'Amico G. Renal involvement in hepatitis C infection: cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1998;54:650-671.
30. Della Rossa A, Tavoni A, Bombardieri S. Hyperviscosity syndrome in cryoglobulinemia: clinical aspects and therapeutic considerations. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2003;29:473-477.
31. Chan AO, Lau JS, Chan CH, et al. Cryoglobulinaemia: clinical and laboratory perspectives. Hong Kong Med J. 2008;14:55-59.
32. Amdo TD, Welker JA. An approach to the diagnosis and treatment of cryofibrinogenemia. Am J Med. 2004;116:332-337.
33. Saadoun D, Delluc A, Piette JC, et al. Treatment of hepatitis C-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20:23-28.
34. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Infectious Diseases Society of America. HCV guidance: recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C. 2014. http://hcvguidelines.org/ (last accessed 4 August 2017).
35. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C 2015. J Hepatol. 2015;63:199-236.
36. Gragnani L, Fabbrizzi A, Triboli E, et al. Triple antiviral therapy in hepatitis C virus infection with or without mixed cryoglobulinaemia: a prospective, controlled pilot study. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46:833-837.
37. Saadoun D, Resche Rigon M, Pol S, et al. PegIFNalfa/ribavirin/protease inhibitor combination in severe hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. J Hepatol. 2015;62:24-30.
38. Cornella SL, Stine JG, Kelly V, et al. Persistence of mixed cryoglobulinemia despite cure of hepatitis C with new oral antiviral therapy including direct-acting antiviral sofosbuvir: a case series. Postgrad Med. 2015;127:413-417.
39. Saadoun D, Resche-Rigon M, Thibault V, et al. Antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis: a long-term followup study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:3696-3706.
40. Charles ED, Dustin LB. Hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemia. Kidney Int. 2009;76:818-824.
41. Tavoni A, Mosca M, Ferri C, et al. Guidelines for the management of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995;13(suppl 13):S191-S195.
42. Fabrizi F, Bruchfeld A, Mangano S, et al. Interferon therapy for HCV-associated glomerulonephritis: meta-analysis of controlled trials. Int J Artif Organs. 2007;30:212-219.
43. Saleh F, Ko HH, Davis JE, et al. Fatal hepatitis C associated fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis as a complication of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroid treatment of active glomerulonephritis. Ann Hepatol. 2007;6:186-189.
44. De Vita S, Quartuccio L, Isola M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of rituximab for the treatment of severe cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:843-853.
45. Cacoub P, Delluc A, Saadoun D, et al. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) treatment for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: where do we stand? Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:283-287.
46. Cavallo R, Roccatello D, Menegatti E, et al. Rituximab in cryoglobulinemic peripheral neuropathy. J Neurol. 2009;256:1076-1082.
47. Zaja F, De Vita S, Mazzaro C, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Blood. 2003;101:3827-3834.
48. Cacoub P, Terrier B, Saadoun D. Hepatitis C virus-induced vasculitis: therapeutic options. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:24-30.
49. Scarpato S, Tirri E, Naclerio C, et al. Plasmapheresis in cryoglobulinemic neuropathy: a clinical study. Dig Liver Dis. 2007;39(suppl 1):S136-S137.
50. Guillevin L, Pagnoux C. Indication for plasma exchange for systemic necrotizing vasculitides. Transfus Apher Sci. 2007;36:179-185.
51. Thiel J, Peters T, Mas Marques A, et al. Kinetics of hepatitis C (HCV) viraemia and quasispecies during treatment of HCV associated cryoglobulinaemia with pulse cyclophosphamide. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61:838-841.
52. Lamprecht P, Gause A, Gross WL. Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis resistant to intermittent intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. Scand J Rheumatol. 2000;29:201-202.
53. Stone MJ. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: hyperviscosity syndrome and cryoglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009;9:97-99.
54. Saadoun D, Resche-Rigon M, Sene D, et al. Rituximab combined with Peg-interferon-ribavirin in refractory hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1431-1436.
55. Ramos-Casals M, Font J. Mycophenolate mofetil in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Lupus. 2005;14(suppl 1):s64-s72.
56. Michael AB, Lawes M, Kamalarajan M, et al. Cryoglobulinaemia as an acute presentation of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Br J Haematol. 2004;124:565.
57. Ferri C, Mannini L, Bartoli V, et al. Blood viscosity and filtration abnormalities in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1990;8:271-281.
58. Trejo O, Ramos-Casals M, Lopez-Guillermo A, et al. Hematologic malignancies in patients with cryoglobulinemia: association with autoimmune and chronic viral diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2003;33:19-28.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台