BMJ Best Practice
最后审核时间： 十月 2018
最近更新时间： 一月 2018

小结

定义

病史和查体

关键诊断因素

  • 存在的危险因素
  • 发热
  • 咳痰
  • 空洞性（空瓮性）呼吸音
全部具体信息

其他诊断因素

  • 胸膜炎性胸痛
  • 全身症状
  • 恶液质
  • 苍白
全部具体信息

危险因素

  • 容易吸入胃内容物
  • 口腔卫生不佳和拔牙
  • 支气管阻塞
  • 免疫抑制
全部具体信息

诊断性检查

首要检查

  • FBC
  • CXR
  • 痰革兰氏染色
  • 痰培养
全部具体信息

需要考虑的检查

  • 胸部 CT
  • 支气管镜检查
  • 防污染毛刷标本定量培养
  • 防污染支气管肺泡灌洗标本定量培养
全部具体信息

治疗流程

急性

革兰氏阴性或多重耐药微生物可能性低

革兰氏阴性或多重耐药微生物可能性高

疾病持续状态

革兰氏阴性或多重耐药微生物可能性低

革兰氏阴性或多重耐药微生物可能性高：有或无青霉素/头孢菌素过敏

贡献者

作者 查看所有

Ioannis P. Kioumis MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Respiratory Medicine Clinic

General Hospital G. Papanikolaou

Thessaloniki

Greece

利益冲突披露
IPK declares that he has no competing interests.
Georgia G. Pitsiou MD, PhD

Assistant Professor in Pulmonary Medicine

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Respiratory Failure Unit

General Hospital G. Papanikolaou

Thessaloniki

Greece

利益冲突披露
GGP declares that she has no competing interests.

同行评议专家 查看所有

Professor of Surgery

University of Louisville

Associate Chief of Staff for Research and Development

VAMC Louisville

Louisville

KY

利益冲突披露
WGC declares that he has no competing interests.

Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician

North Bristol Lung Centre

Southmead Hospital

Bristol

UK

利益冲突披露
NM declares that he has no competing interests.

MRC Training Fellow and Specialist Registrar, Respiratory Medicine

Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine

Churchill Hospital

Oxford

UK

利益冲突披露
NR declares that he has no competing interests.

Consultant Physician

Honorary Senior Lecturer

Imperial College Healthcare Trust

Hammersmith Hospital

London

UK

利益冲突披露
PWI declares that he has no competing interests.

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