戒烟最重要,可降低疾病的复发和进展。据报道,高剂量维生素 A、B6、C 和 E 可降低疾病复发,[103]Lamm DL, Riggs DR, Shriver JS, et al. Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: a double-blind clinical trial. J Urol. 1994;151:21-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254816?tool=bestpractice.com 但对于最佳的维持治疗,卡介苗 (BCG) 免疫疗法没有其他益处。[104]Nepple KG, Lightfoot AJ, Rosevear HM, et al. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin with or without interferon α-2b and megadose versus recommended daily allowance vitamins during induction and maintenance intravesical treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2010;184:1915-1919.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20846688?tool=bestpractice.com 同样地,建议增加蔬菜和水果的摄入量,但也有结果冲突的报告。[103]Lamm DL, Riggs DR, Shriver JS, et al. Megadose vitamins in bladder cancer: a double-blind clinical trial. J Urol. 1994;151:21-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8254816?tool=bestpractice.com 患者信息可用。NHS choices: bladder cancer