膀胱癌

Woldu SL, Bagrodia A, Lotan Y. Guideline of guidelines: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2017;119:371-80.

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Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage TaT1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 2006;49:466-477.

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Oddens J, Brausi M, Sylvester R, et al. Final results of an EORTC-GU cancers group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance. Eur Urol. 2013;63:462-472.

• 摘要

Chism DD. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the rise of immunotherapy. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15:1277-1284.

Bellmunt J, Powles T, Vogelzang NJ. A review on the evolution of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for bladder cancer: the future is now. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;54:58-67.

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Kaufman DS, Shipley WU, Feldman AS. Bladder cancer. Lancet. 2009;374:239-249.

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3.  Sauter G, Algaba F, Amin M, et al. Tumours of the urinary system: non-invasive urothelial neoplasias. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn I, eds. WHO classification of tumours: pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004.

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6.  Woldu SL, Bagrodia A, Lotan Y. Guideline of guidelines: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int. 2017;119:371-80.

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7.  Epstein JI, Amin MB, Reuter VR, et al. The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology consensus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:1435-1448.

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8.  MacLennan GT, Kirkali Z, Cheng L. Histologic grading of noninvasive papillary urothlial neoplasms. Eur Urol. 2007;57:889-897.

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9.  Babjuk M, Burger M, Compérat E, et al; European Association of Urology. Guidelines on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. 2018. http://www.uroweb.org/

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12.  Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage TaT1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. Eur Urol. 2006;49:466-477.

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14.  Kirkali Z, Chan T, Manoharan M, et al. Bladder cancer: epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis. Urology. 2005;66(Suppl 1):4-34.

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15.  Murta-Nascimento C, Schmitz-Dräger BJ, Zeegers MP, et al. Epidemiology of urinary bladder cancer: from tumour development to patient's death. World J Urol. 2007;25:285-295.

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16.  Fernandez-Gomez J, Madero R, Solsona E, et al. The EORTC tables overestimate the risk of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin: external validation of the EORTC risk tables. Eur Urol. 2011;60:423-430.

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17.  Murphy WM, Takezawa K, Maruniak NA. Interobserver discrepancy using the 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urologic Pathology classification of urothelial neoplasms: practical choices for patient care. J Urol. 2002;168:968-972.

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18.  Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R. Non-invasive urothelial neoplasms: according to the most recent WHO classification. Eur Urol. 2004;46:170-176.

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19.  Bellmunt J, Orsola A, Leow JJ, et al; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Bladder cancer: ESMO Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(Suppl 3):iii40-iii48.

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21.  Chang SS, Boorjian SA, Chou R, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: AUA/SUO guideline. J Urol. 2016;196:1021-1029.

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22.  Scosyrev E, Noyes K, Feng C, et al. Sex and racial differences in bladder cancer presentation and mortality in the US. Cancer. 2009;115:68-74.

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28.  Larsson SC, Orsini N, Brismar K, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2006;49:2819-2823.

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33.  Damrauer JS, Hoadley KA, Chism DD, et al. Intrinsic subtypes of high-grade bladder cancer reflect the hallmarks of breast cancer biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:3110-5.

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34.  Silverman DT, Devesa SS, Moore LE, et al. Bladder cancer. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni J, eds. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2006.

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36.  Shariat SF, Lee R, Lowrance WT, et al. The effect of age on bladder cancer incidence, prognosis and therapy. Aging health. 2010;6:649-659.

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38.  Tuccori M, Filion KB, Yin H, et al. Pioglitazone use and risk of bladder cancer: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2016;352:i1541.

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39.  Tawfik HN. Carcinoma of the urinary bladder associated with schistosomiasis in Egypt: the possible causal relationship. Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1987;18:197-209.

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40.  Horstmann M, Witthuhn R, Falk M, et al. Gender-specific differences in bladder cancer: a retrospective analysis. Gend Med. 2008;5:385-394.

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41.  Messing EM, Madeb R, Young T, et al. Long-term outcome of hematuria home screening for bladder cancer in men. Cancer. 2006;107:2173-2179.

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42.  Cookson MS, Herr HW, Zhang ZF, et al. The treated natural history of high risk superficial bladder cancer: 15-year outcome. J Urol. 1997;158:62-67.

43.  Tseng CH. Metformin may reduce bladder cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 2014;51:295-303.

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44.  Shen P, Yang J, Wei W, et al. Effects of fluorescent light-guided transurethral resection on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2012;110:E209-E215.

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45.  Zheng C, Lv Y, Zhong Q, et al. Narrow band imaging diagnosis of bladder cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2012;110:E680-E687.

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46.  Lu YY, Chen JH, Liang JA, et al. Clinical value of FDG PET or PET/CT in urinary bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:2411-2416.

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47.  Li S, Zeng XT, Ruan XL, et al. Simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder cancer and prostate may reduce recurrence rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med. 2012;4:685-692.

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48.  Budman LI, Kassouf W, Steinberg JR. Biomarkers for detection and surveillance of bladder cancer. Can Urol Assoc J. 2008;2:212-221.

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49.  Mohammed AA, El-Tanni H, El-Khatib HM, et al. Urinary bladder cancer: biomarkers and target therapy, new era for more attention. Oncol Rev. 2016;10:320.

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50.  D'Costa JJ, Goldsmith JC, Wilson JS, et al. A systematic review of the diagnostic and prognostic value of urinary protein biomarkers in urothelial bladder cancer. Bladder Cancer. 2016;2:301-17.

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51.  Colombel M, Soloway M, Akazac H, et al. Epidemiology, staging, grading, and risk stratification of bladder Cancer. Eur Urol Suppl. 2008;7:618-626.

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52.  Witjes JA, Kolli PS. Apaziquone for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a critical review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008;17:1085-1096.

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53.  Lamm DL, Torti F. Bladder cancer, 1996. CA Cancer J Clin. 1996;46:93-112.

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54.  Oddens J, Brausi M, Sylvester R, et al. Final results of an EORTC-GU cancers group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance. Eur Urol. 2013;63:462-472.

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55.  Brausi M, Collette L, Kurth K, et al. Variability in the recurrence rate at first follow-up cystoscopy after TUR in stage Ta T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a combined analysis of seven EORTC studies. Eur Urol. 2002;41:523-531.

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56.  Holmang S, Johansson SL. Stage Ta-T1 bladder cancer: the relationship between findings at first followup cystoscopy and subsequent recurrence and progression. J Urol. 2002;167:1634-1637.

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57.  Jakse G, Algaba F, Malmström PU, et al. A second-look TUR in T1 transitional cell carcinoma: why? Eur Urol. 2004;45:539-546.

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58.  Divrik T, Yildirim U, Eroğlu AS, et al. Is a second transurethral resection necessary for newly diagnosed pT1 bladder cancer? J Urol. 2006;175:1258-1261.

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59.  Herr HW, Donat SM, Dalbagni G. Can restaging transurethral resection of T1 bladder cancer select patients for immediate cystectomy? J Urol. 2007;177:75-79.

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60.  Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crissman JD, et al. Maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group Study. J Urol. 2000;163:1124-1129.

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61.  Aziz A, May M, Burger M, et al. Prediction of 90-day mortality after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in a prospective European multicenter cohort. Eur Urol. 2014;66:156-163.

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62.  Peress JA, Waterhouse K, Cole AT. Complications of partial cystectomy in patients with high grade bladder carcinoma. J Urol. 1977;118:761.

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63.  Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:859-866.

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64.  Sherif A, Holmberg L, Rintala E, et al. Neoadjuvant cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: a combined analysis of two Nordic studies. Eur Urol. 2004;45:297-303.

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65.  Advanced Bladder Cancer Meta-analysis Collaboration. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD005246.

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66.  Gandaglia G, Popa I, Abdollah F, et al. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative outcomes in patients who have bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy: a population-based study. Eur Urol. 2014;66:561-568.

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67.  Leow JJ, Martin-Doyle W, Rajagopal PS, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: a 2013 updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol. 2014;66:42-54.

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68.  Chism DD. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and the rise of immunotherapy. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2017;15:1277-1284.

69.  US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Alerts health care professionals and oncology clinical investigators about an efficacy issue identified in clinical trials for some patients taking Keytruda (pembrolizumab) or Tecentriq (atezolizumab) as monotherapy to treat urothelial cancer with low expression of PD-L1. May 2018. http://www.fda.gov/

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70.  ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of atezolizumab compared with chemotherapy in participants with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial bladder cancer [IMvigor211]. NCT02302807. May 2018. https://clinicaltrials.gov/

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71.  ClinicalTrials.gov. Study of pembrolizumab with or without platinum-based combination chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in urothelial carcinoma (MK-3475-361/KEYNOTE-361). NCT02853305. May 2018.

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72.  European Medicines Agency. EMA restricts use of Keytruda and Tecentriq in bladder cancer. June 2018 [internet publication].

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73.  Bellmunt J, von der Maase H, Mead GM, et al. Randomized phase III study comparing paclitaxel/cisplatin/gemcitabine and gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer without prior systemic therapy: EORTC Intergroup Study 30987. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:1107-1113.

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74.  Bellmunt J, Powles T, Vogelzang NJ. A review on the evolution of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for bladder cancer: the future is now. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;54:58-67.

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75.  Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T, et al. Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2016;387:1909-20.

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77.  Sharma P, Retz M, Siefker-Radtke A, et al. Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18:312-22.

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78.  Massard C, Gordon MS, Sharma S, et al. Safety and efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI4736), an anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:3119-25.

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79.  Powles T, Grivas P, Aragon-Ching JB, et al. A multicentre, international, randomised, open-label phase 3 trial of avelumab + best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC alone as maintenance therapy after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial cancer (JAVELIN bladder 100). Ann Oncol. 2016; 27:842TiP.

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87.  Petrylak DP, de Wit R, Chi KN, et al; RANGE study investigators. Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based therapy (RANGE): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2017 Nov 18;390(10109):2266-2277.

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88.  FDA. Manufacturing issues remain for Indevus' Valstar. January 2008. http://fdanews.com/ (last accessed 7 August 2017).

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89.  Steinberg G, Bahnson R, Brosman S, et al. Efficacy and safety of valrubicin for the treatment of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory carcinoma in situ of the bladder. J Urol. 2000;163:761-767.

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90.  Colombo R, Da Pozzo LF, Salonia A, et al. Multicentric study comparing intravesical chemotherapy alone and with local microwave hyperthermia for prophylaxis of recurrence of superficial transitional cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:4270-4276.

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91.  Witjes JA, Hendricksen K, Gofrit O, et al. Intravesical hyperthermia and mitomycin-C for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: experience of the European Synergo working party. World J Urol. 2009;27:319-324.

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