咳嗽、干呕、呕吐、拉伤、呃逆、闭合性胸部压力或心肺复苏、急性腹部钝器创伤、原始呐喊法、酒精、药物(阿司匹林或其他非类固醇抗炎药[NSAID])、化学疗法药和食管器械与 MWT 有关。
食管裂孔疝在 40%-100% 的 MWT 患者中出现,许多人认为是引起食管撕裂发生的一个诱发因素。[5]Michel L, Serrano A, Malt RA. Mallory-Weiss syndrome: evolution of diagnostic and therapeutic patterns over two decades. Ann Surg. 1980;192:716-721.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1344969&blobtype=pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7447523?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Sato H, Takase S, Takada A. The association of esophageal hiatus hernia with Mallory-Weiss syndrome. Gastroenterol Jpn. 1989;24:233-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2744343?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Caroli A, Follador R, Gobbi V, et al. Mallory-Weiss syndrome: personal experience and review of the literature. Minerva Dietol Gastroenterol. 1989;35:7-12.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2657497?tool=bestpractice.com 但是,在>40% 的患者中,没有发现可识别的危险因素。[15]Harris JM, DiPalma JA. Clinical significance of Mallory-Weiss tears. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:2056-2058.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8249973?tool=bestpractice.com
可能诱发呕吐的疾病包括:
胃肠道疾病,包括食物中毒(尤其是蜡样芽胞杆菌引起的中毒,在这种情况下,摄入受污染的食物后不久即出现呕吐)、感染性胃肠炎、消化性溃疡、肠旋转不良、肠套叠、[16]Gowen GF, Stoldt HS, Rosato FE. Five risk factors identify patients with gastroesophageal intussusception. Arch Surg. 1999;134:1394-1397.http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/134/12/1394http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10593341?tool=bestpractice.com 肠扭转、胃出口梗阻和胃轻瘫
肝胆病,包括肝炎、胆结石和胆囊炎
与妊娠剧吐相关[11]Ismail SK, Kenny L. Review on hyperemesis gravidarum. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2007;21:755-769.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889806?tool=bestpractice.com
肾脏疾病,包括尿路感染、肾结石、肾衰竭和输尿管肾盂梗阻
神经系统疾病,包括肿瘤、脑积水、先天性疾病、外伤、脑膜炎、大脑假肿瘤、偏头痛和癫痫发作
精神疾病,包括神经性厌食、[17]Sansone RA. Complications of hazardous weight-loss methods. Am Fam Physician. 1984;30:141-146.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6147075?tool=bestpractice.com 贪食症[18]Mehler PS. Clinical practice: bulimia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:875-881.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12944574?tool=bestpractice.com 和周期性呕吐综合征。
其他可能诱发呕吐的条件或药物包括毒素、聚乙二醇灌洗(结肠镜检查的肠道准备)[19]Lichtenstein GR, Cohen LB, Uribarri J. Bowel preparation for colonoscopy - the importance of adequate hydration. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:633-641.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17697197?tool=bestpractice.com 化疗药物(例如顺铂),[20]Lubicz S, Shafir M, Diamond S, et al. Mallory-Weiss syndrome secondary to cis-platinum chemotherapy: an unusual complication. J Surg Oncol. 1982;20:247-249.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7202084?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Fishman ML, Thirlwell MP, Daly DS. Mallory-Weiss tear: a complication of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer. 1983;52:2031-2032.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6684987?tool=bestpractice.com 和麻醉后或术后。
慢性咳嗽可与百日咳、支气管炎、支气管扩张症、肺气肿、慢性阻塞性肺疾病或肺癌相关。[22]Annunziata GM, Gunasekaran TS, Berman JH, et al. Cough-induced Mallory-Weiss tear in a child. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1996;35:417-419.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8862904?tool=bestpractice.com