周期性肢体运动障碍

睡眠周期性肢体运动指数 (PLMS-I) 5 或 5 以上，与睡眠障碍和白天过度嗜睡相关。通过多导睡眠图确定诊断，并排除其他造成睡眠-觉醒障碍的原因。

PLMS-I 用于确定睡眠周期性肢体运动 (PLMS) 的频率，以每次睡眠时间总小时数中发生的睡眠周期性肢体运动次数计算。

睡眠周期性肢体运动是重复性肢体运动（多数为腿部运动），主要发生于非快速眼动睡眠期；表现为脚趾和脚踝背屈及偶尔的髋膝屈曲。

睡眠周期性肢体运动可发生于正常人，对于他们来说睡眠障碍和白天过度嗜睡的临床意义仍存在争议。

可为原发性（特发性）或继发性。继发性周期性肢体运动障碍 (PLMD) 可出现于不安腿综合征、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、快速动眼期 (REM) 睡眠行为障碍 (RBD)、发作性睡病、充血性心力衰竭、原发性高血压、终末期肾病、脊髓损伤、脊髓空洞症、酒精依赖性、帕金森病和 Tourette 综合征。

可能与服用含有锂的药物、三环类抗抑郁药和选择性 5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂有关。

尚未有原发性周期性肢体运动障碍的治疗方法的证据。传统治疗采用多巴胺受体激动剂、苯二氮卓类药物和阿片制剂。

睡眠周期性肢体运动表现为反复性肢体运动（多数为腿部运动），主要发生于非快速动眼期睡眠期间。[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.[2]Garcia-Borreguero D, Ferini-Strambi L, Kohnen R, et al. European guidelines on management of restless legs syndrome: report of a joint task force by the European Federation of Neurological Societies, the European Neurological Society and the European Sleep Research Society. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19:1385-1396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937989?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Zucconi M, Ferri R, Allen R, et al. The official World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) standards for recording and scoring periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) and wakefulness (PLMW) developed in collaboration with a task force from the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Sleep Med. 2006;7:175-183.http://www.sleep-journal.com/article/PIIS1389945706000049/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459136?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Hornyak M, Feige B, Reimann D, et al. Periodic leg movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder: prevalence, clinical significance and treatment. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10:169-177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16762807?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, et al. The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults-an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep. 2012;35:1039-1062.http://www.aasmnet.org/Resources/PracticeParameters/TreatmentRLS.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22851801?tool=bestpractice.com周期性肢体运动障碍已被定义为每次睡眠时间总时数中发生的睡眠周期性肢体运动＞15 次，与原因不明的睡眠障碍和白天过度嗜睡相关。[1]American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.[2]Garcia-Borreguero D, Ferini-Strambi L, Kohnen R, et al. European guidelines on management of restless legs syndrome: report of a joint task force by the European Federation of Neurological Societies, the European Neurological Society and the European Sleep Research Society. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19:1385-1396.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22937989?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Zucconi M, Ferri R, Allen R, et al. The official World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) standards for recording and scoring periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) and wakefulness (PLMW) developed in collaboration with a task force from the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Sleep Med. 2006;7:175-183.http://www.sleep-journal.com/article/PIIS1389945706000049/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16459136?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Hornyak M, Feige B, Reimann D, et al. Periodic leg movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder: prevalence, clinical significance and treatment. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10:169-177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16762807?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, et al. The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults-an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. Sleep. 2012;35:1039-1062.http://www.aasmnet.org/Resources/PracticeParameters/TreatmentRLS.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22851801?tool=bestpractice.com其与睡眠障碍和白天过度嗜睡的关联是有争议的，然而病因不明。