2014 年,英国估计有 3072 例 AML 新增病例,美国估计有 18,860 例 AML 新增病例。[3]Cancer Research UK. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) incidence statistics. June 2014. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/ (last accessed 21 June 2017).http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia-aml/incidence/根据最新的估算数据,2017 年,美国估计有 21,380 例 AML 新增病例以及 10,590 例与 AML 有关的死亡病例。[4]American Cancer Society. Cancer facts & figures 2017. https://www.cancer.org/ (last accessed 12 September 2017).https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures/2017/cancer-facts-and-figures-2017.pdf
AML 在老年人中更为常见。在英国,于 2012 至 2014 年被诊断的病例中,约 55% 的病例的年龄≥70 岁。[3]Cancer Research UK. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) incidence statistics. June 2014. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/ (last accessed 21 June 2017).http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia-aml/incidence/在美国,于 2010 至 2014 年被诊断的病例中,约 57% 的病例的年龄≥65 岁。[5]National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). Cancer stat facts. 2017. https://seer.cancer.gov/ (last accessed 7 September 2017).
2017 (https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/clyl.htmlhttps://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/英国的登记和监测数据显示,在年龄较小的人群中,男性与女性的发病率没有显著差异,但在 55 岁及以上的人群中,男性的年龄别发病率高于女性的。[3]Cancer Research UK. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) incidence statistics. June 2014. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/ (last accessed 21 June 2017).http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-info/cancerstats/types/leukaemia-aml/incidence/
接受癌症治疗患者的生存改善表明,既往化疗/放疗或潜在的肿瘤易感性引起的治疗相关性 AML 有所增加。[6]Edwards BK, Brown ML, Wingo PA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2002, featuring population-based trends in cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97:1407-1427.http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/97/19/1407.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16204691?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Leone G, Pagano L, Ben-Yehuda D, et al. Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplasia: susceptibility and incidence. Haematologica. 2007;92:1389-1398.http://www.haematologica.org/content/92/10/1389.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17768113?tool=bestpractice.com