以首次评估的伯明翰血管炎活动评分 (BVAS)[108]Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Moots RJ, et al. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. QJM. 1994;87:671-678.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7820541?tool=bestpractice.com 为基线，结果表明基线 BVAS 高值提示结局较差。[18]Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1996 Jan;75(1):17-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8569467?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Gayraud M, Guillevin L, le Toumelin P, et al. Long-term followup of polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome: analysis of four prospective trials including 278 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:666-675.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/78003355/HTMLSTARThttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11263782?tool=bestpractice.com 应在基线处评估BVAS，然后前 3 个月每月一次，之后每 3-6 个月一次。它可用于评估一段时间的疗效。大于 0 的评分表明有疾病活动；0 评分表明疾病缓解。
应在疾病初期、6 个月时及每年采用血管炎损伤指数 (VDI) 监控疾病进展情况。[116]Exley AR, Bacon PA, Luqmani RA, et al. Development and initial validation of the Vasculitis Damage Index for the standardized clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:371-380.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9041949?tool=bestpractice.com 应在前 3 个月每月对患者进行评估，之后根据疾病活动度每 3-6 个月一次。[58]Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-9.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/12/2306.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729399?tool=bestpractice.com
根据器官受累情况，应包括临床评估、实验室评估和各类检查。[58]Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-9.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/12/2306.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729399?tool=bestpractice.com 根据标准方案，环磷酰胺、硫唑嘌呤和其他免疫抑制剂治疗时应定期血尿检查。[58]Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-9.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/12/2306.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729399?tool=bestpractice.com 随访中血管造影术复查并不常规应用，因为研究已发现临床特征的改善与动脉瘤的消退有对应关系。[19]Guillevin L, Mahr A, Callard P, et al. Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa: clinical characteristics, outcome, and impact of treatment in 115 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:313-322.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16148731?tool=bestpractice.com[117]Darras-Joly C, Lortholary O, Cohen P, et al. Regressing microaneurysms in 5 cases of hepatitis B virus related polyarteritis nodosa. J Rheumatol. 1995;22:876-880.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8587075?tool=bestpractice.com
女性患者在环磷酰胺治疗之后应该每年进行宫颈涂片检查，持续 3 年时间。[58]Ntatsaki E, Carruthers D, Chakravarty K, et al; BSR and BHPR Standards, Guidelines and Audit Working Group. BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014 Dec;53(12):2306-9.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/12/2306.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24729399?tool=bestpractice.com[118]Ognenovski VM, Marder W, Somers EC, et al. Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1763-1767.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15338497?tool=bestpractice.com
建议每年进行流感疫苗接种。[114]Gluck T. Vaccinate your immunocompromised patients! Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:9-10.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/45/1/9http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16361703?tool=bestpractice.com 如果抗体水平较低，则应进行肺炎球菌疫苗接种。[114]Gluck T. Vaccinate your immunocompromised patients! Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006;45:9-10.http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/45/1/9http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16361703?tool=bestpractice.com 停用环磷酰胺治疗 3 个月后，才可进行活性疫苗接种。
