HCM患者(特别是<60岁以下者)应当每年接受临床评估。所有患者在确诊时内定期检查时应进行危险分层:包括详细的家族史,特别是家族中有HCM的患者是否早发死亡;详细的病史询问,包括胸痛症状、心肌和意识丧失;心脏超声、动态心电图检查、心电图和运动试验。[1]Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Maron MS. The dilemma of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: do patients with gradients really deserve prophylactic defibrillators? Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1895-1897.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16818455?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Gersh BJ, Maron BJ, Bonow RO, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011;124:e783-e831.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/124/24/e783.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068434?tool=bestpractice.com猝死的危险因素包括:接受一系列动态心电图(Holter 监测)时发现的非持续性室性心动过速、既往有过心脏停搏、极度肥厚和不明原因晕厥,这些都应密切监测,可考虑使用植入式心脏复律除颤器。