在英格兰和威尔士,咨询气胸(原发性和继发性医疗相结合)的总人数比例为男性每年 24/100,000,女性每年 10/100,000。[5]Gupta D, Hansell A, Nichols T, et al. Epidemiology of pneumothorax in England. Thorax. 2000;55:666-671.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745823/pdf/v055p00666.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10899243?tool=bestpractice.com 因自发性气胸而死亡比较罕见,在英国,男性死亡率为每年 1.26/1,000,000,女性死亡率为 0.62/1,000,000。[5]Gupta D, Hansell A, Nichols T, et al. Epidemiology of pneumothorax in England. Thorax. 2000;55:666-671.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745823/pdf/v055p00666.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10899243?tool=bestpractice.com 吸烟使男性患自发性气胸的可能性增加 22 倍,女性增加 8 倍。患病率与吸烟量直接相关。[6]Bense L, Eklund G, Wiman LG. Smoking and the increased risk of contracting spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest. 1987;92:1009-1012.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3677805?tool=bestpractice.com
1950 年到 1974 年美国原发性自发性气胸的男性每年发病率为 7.4~18 人/100,000,女性为 1.2~6.0/100,000。[6]Bense L, Eklund G, Wiman LG. Smoking and the increased risk of contracting spontaneous pneumothorax. Chest. 1987;92:1009-1012.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3677805?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Melton LJ 3rd, Hepper NG, Offord KP. Incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in Olmsted County, Minnesota: 1950-1974. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979;120:1379-1382.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/517861?tool=bestpractice.com 继发性自发性气胸在男性中每年发病率为 6.3/100,000,在女性中为 2.0/100,000。[7]Melton LJ 3rd, Hepper NG, Offord KP. Incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in Olmsted County, Minnesota: 1950-1974. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979;120:1379-1382.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/517861?tool=bestpractice.com 在美国,每年有超过 50,000 例与外伤相关的气胸发生。气胸是最常见的严重胸部损伤表现,仅次于肋骨骨折。气胸可见于多达 40% 到 50% 的胸部外伤患者。[8]Wolfman NT, Myers WS, Glauser SJ, et al. Validity of CT classification on management of occult pneumothorax: a prospective study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171:1317-1320.http://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdf/10.2214/ajr.171.5.9798871http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798871?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Bridges KG, Welch G, Silver M, et al. CT detection of occult pneumothorax in multiple trauma patients. J Emerg Med. 1993;11:179-186.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8505524?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Enderson BL, Abdalla R, Frame SB, et al. Tube thoracostomy for occult pneumothorax: a prospective randomized study of its use. J Trauma. 1993;35:726-730.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8230337?tool=bestpractice.com