气胸

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MacDuff A, Arnold A, Harvey J; BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65(suppl 2):ii18-ii31.

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Tschopp JM, Rami-Porta R, Noppen M, et al. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: state of the art. Eur Respir J. 2006;28:637-650.

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Havelock T, Teoh R, Laws D, et al. Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound: British Thoracic Society pleural disease guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65(suppl 2):ii61-ii76.

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21.  Stern H, Toole AL, Merino M. Catamenial pneumothorax. Chest. 1980;78:480-482.

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22.  MacDuff A, Arnold A, Harvey J; BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax. 2010;65(suppl 2):ii18-ii31.

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23.  Wait MA, Estrera A. Changing clinical spectrum of spontaneous pneumothorax. Am J Surg. 1992;164:528-531.

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24.  Flume PA, Strange C, Ye X, et al. Pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2005;128:720-728.

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32.  Leigh-Smith S, Harris T. Tension pneumothorax: time for a re-think? Emerg Med J. 2005 Jan;22(1):8-16.

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33.  Jones R, Hollingsworth J. Tension pneumothoraces not responding to needle thoracocentesis. Emerg Med J. 2002 Mar;19(2):176-7.

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34.  O'Neill S. Spontaneous pneumothorax: aetiology, management and complications. Ir Med J. 1987;80:306-311.

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38.  Lichtenstein DA, Meziere GA, Lascols N, et al. Ultrasound diagnosis of occult pneumothorax. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1231-1238.

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39.  Wilkerson RG, Stone MB. Sensitivity of bedside ultrasound and supine anteroposterior chest radiographs for the identification of pneumothorax after blunt trauma. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17:11-17.

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45.  Flores HA, Stewart RM. The multiply injured patient. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;20:64-68.

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46.  Zhang M, Liu ZH, Yang JX, et al. Rapid detection of pneumothorax by ultrasonography in patients with multiple trauma. Crit Care. 2006;10:R112.

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47.  American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: blunt chest trauma. 2013. http://www.acr.org (last accessed 7 September 2017).

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50.  Alrajab S, Youssef AM, Akkus N, et al. Pleural ultrasound versus chest radiography for the diagnosis of pneumothorax: review of the literature and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2013:17;R208.

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51.  Sahn SA, Heffner JE. Spontaneous pneumothorax. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:868-874.

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53.  Tschopp JM, Bintcliffe O, Astoul P, et al. ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Eur Respir J. 2015;46:321-335.

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54.  Kelly AM. Review of management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: is the best evidence clearer 15 years on? Emerg Med Australas. 2007;19:303-308.

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65.  Vohra HA, Adamson L, Weeden DF. Does video-assisted thoracoscopic pleurectomy result in better outcomes than open pleurectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2008;7:673-677.

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