A 型肉毒素
A型肉毒杆菌毒素肌肉内注射引起肌肉神经接头处神经末梢释放的乙酰胆碱受阻，从而预防肌肉去极化及收缩。 这一效果为暂时性，因为目标神经接头处部分会重新恢复，使得乙酰胆碱重新释放。 这一方法已经被用于极年幼儿童中，以降低二头肌与三头肌的同时收缩，并使二头肌恢复对抗暂时性力量减弱的三头肌的力量及功能。[122]Ramachandran M, Eastwood DM. Botulinum toxin and its orthopaedic applications. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:981-987.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16877592?tool=bestpractice.com[123]Shin YB, Shin MJ, Chang JH, et al. Effects of botulinum toxin on reducing the co-contraction of antagonists in birth brachial plexus palsy. Ann Rehabil Med. 2014;38:127-131.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953355/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24639937?tool=bestpractice.com 在初步研究中，该方法还在存在后肩半脱位或脱臼的年幼儿童中与肩部人形石膏联合使用。[122]Ramachandran M, Eastwood DM. Botulinum toxin and its orthopaedic applications. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88:981-987.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16877592?tool=bestpractice.com[124]DeMatteo C, Bain JR, Galea V, et al. Botulinum toxin as an adjunct to motor learning therapy and surgery for obstetrical brachial plexus injury. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48:245-252.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1017/S0012162206000557/pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16542510?tool=bestpractice.com[125]Ezaki M, Malungpaishrope K, Harrison RJ, et al. Onabotulinum toxinA injection as an adjunct in the treatment of posterior shoulder subluxation in neonatal brachial plexus palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:2171-2177.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844159?tool=bestpractice.com 该方法被认为能够使石膏中的内旋肌有长时间、静态延展，并能够使神经恢复加快，进而增加外旋肌的力量以对抗力量暂时性减弱的内旋肌。需要进行额外的研究来更好地证明这种治疗方法可以产生令人满意的结果。[126]Gobets D, Beckerman H, de Groot V, et al. Indications and effects of botulinum toxin A for obstetric brachial plexus injury: a systematic literature review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52:517-528.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03607.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163432?tool=bestpractice.com
神经根撕裂的直接修复
由于无法修复从颈椎撕裂的神经根，因此通常需要进行从另一处未受损神经进行部分神经移转以改善手臂功能。[60]Shenaq SM, Bullocks JM, Dhillon G, et al. Management of infant brachial plexus injuries. Clin Plast Surg. 2005 Jan;32(1):79-98, ix.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15636767?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Waters PM. Update on management of pediatric brachial plexus palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2005 Jul;14(4):233-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15931025?tool=bestpractice.com[62]Clarke HM, Curtis CG. An approach to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries. Hand Clin. 1995 Nov;11(4):563-80.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8567739?tool=bestpractice.com[63]Zafeiriou DI, Psychogiou K. Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2008 Apr;38(4):235-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18358400?tool=bestpractice.com 一些研究者开始研究使用组织工程技术直接修复神经根至脊髓（撕裂）的可能性。[127]Zhang XX, Wang B. Tissue-engineered neural transplantation for brachial plexus root avulsion. J of Clin Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Res. 2008;12:4723-4726. [in Chinese][128]Zhang H. Perspective of stem cell transplantation in the repair of brachial plexus injury. J of Clin Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Res. 2007;11:10150-10153. [in Chinese] 目前尚未进行临床试验；因此，这种治疗方法仍处于理论层面和早期研究阶段。
