厄尔布氏麻痹属BPBP中的一类。 每1000例存活新生儿中,约有1.5例BPBP。[7]Foad SL, Mehlman CT, Ying J. The epidemiology of neonatal brachial plexus palsy in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Jun;90(6):1258-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18519319?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Dawodu A, Sankaran-Kutty M, Rajan TV. Risk factors and prognosis for brachial plexus injury and clavicular fracture in neonates: a prospective analysis from the United Arab Emirates. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1997 Sep;17(3):195-200.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9425373?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Backe B, Magnussen EB, Johansen OJ, et al. Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a birth injury not explained by the known risk factors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(10):1027-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18798052?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Hudic I, Fatusic Z, Sinanovic O, et al. Intrapartum risk factors for brachial plexus palsy [in Bosnian]. Med Arh. 2007;61(1):43-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582976?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Mollberg M, Wennergren M, Bager B, et al. Obstetric brachial plexus palsy: a prospective study on risk factors related to manual assistance during the second stage of labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(2):198-204.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17364283?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Mollberg M, Hagberg H, Bager B, et al. High birthweight and shoulder dystocia: the strongest risk factors for obstetrical brachial plexus palsy in a Swedish population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Jul;84(7):654-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954875?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Sherman D, Halamish-Shani T, Gershtansky Y, et al. Analysis of brachial plexus injuries reported to MRM [in Hebrew]. Harefuah. 2010 Feb;149(2):71-6, 126, 125.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549920?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Borna H, Rad SM, Borna S, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for birth trauma in Iran. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jun;49(2):170-3.http://www.tjog-online.com/article/S1028-4559(10)60036-8/pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708523?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Chauhan SP, Blackwell SB, Ananth CV, et al. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: incidence, prevalence, and temporal trends. Semin Perinatol. 2014 Jun;38(4):210-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863027?tool=bestpractice.com大多数研究显示,在过去的一个实践中,尽管产科护理方面的差异及进展,但该病的患病率仅小幅度下降。[7]Foad SL, Mehlman CT, Ying J. The epidemiology of neonatal brachial plexus palsy in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Jun;90(6):1258-64.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18519319?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Mollberg M, Hagberg H, Bager B, et al. High birthweight and shoulder dystocia: the strongest risk factors for obstetrical brachial plexus palsy in a Swedish population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Jul;84(7):654-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15954875?tool=bestpractice.com[16]MacKenzie IZ, Shah M, Lean K, et al. Management of shoulder dystocia: trends in incidence and maternal and neonatal morbidity. Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Nov;110(5):1059-68.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17978120?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Shoulder dystocia: green-top guideline no 42. March 2012 [internet publication].https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/gtg_42.pdf 最常见的损伤类型为厄尔布氏麻痹(C5~C6),约占BPBP案例的45%。[18]Smith NC, Rowan P, Benson LJ, et al. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Oct;86-A(10):2163-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15466724?tool=bestpractice.com C7的额外损伤,被认为是延伸的厄尔布氏麻痹,同样较为常见,见于约20%的BPBP案例中。[18]Smith NC, Rowan P, Benson LJ, et al. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Oct;86-A(10):2163-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15466724?tool=bestpractice.com 全丛异常(C5~T1)为第二常见的损伤类型,占BPBP案例的35%。[18]Smith NC, Rowan P, Benson LJ, et al. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004 Oct;86-A(10):2163-70.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15466724?tool=bestpractice.com Klumpke麻痹(C8~T1)同样有所报道,并占0.6%的BPBP案例。[19]al-Qattan MM, Clarke HM, Curtis CG. Klumpke's birth palsy: does it really exist? J Hand Surg Br. 1995 Feb;20(1):19-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7759926?tool=bestpractice.com