据报告,囊性纤维化患者中 ABPA 患病率为 2% 至 15%。[10]Becker JW, Burke W, McDonald G, et al. Prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and atopy in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest. 1996;109:1536-1540.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/data/Journals/CHEST/21733/1536.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8769507?tool=bestpractice.com哮喘的临床表现和黏液栓形成与囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子 (CFTR) 基因功能受损有关。氯离子和/或钠和碳酸氢盐运输紊乱导致肺部出现粘稠分泌物,可捕获曲霉菌。[16]Gibson GP. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;27:185-191.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16612769?tool=bestpractice.com
CF 基因突变可能在发病机制中发挥的作用较小。研究证实 CFTR 蛋白中 CF 突变的杂合性与 ABPA 存在关联。[21]Marchand E, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Mairesse M, et al. Frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations and 5T allele in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Chest. 2001;119:762-767.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1090556http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11243954?tool=bestpractice.com
在囊性纤维化患者中,过敏体质合并潜在受损的黏液清除功能和气道炎症似乎易于发生 ABPA。[23]Stevens DA, Moss RB, Kurup VP, et al. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis: state of the art: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation consensus conference. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(suppl 3):S225-S264.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/Supplement_3/S225.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12975753?tool=bestpractice.com
然而,由于过敏体质的原因,在未发生 ABPA 的囊性纤维化患者中均可发现对曲霉菌的特应性皮试反应和中心性支气管扩张症,[22]Laufer P, Fink JN, Bruns WT, et a. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73:44-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6693666?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Nelson LA, Callerame ML, Schwartz RH. Aspergillosis and atopy in cystic fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1979;120:863-873.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/507513?tool=bestpractice.com 推荐用于囊性纤维化患者中 ABPA 诊断的独立标准。[1]Greenberger PA. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;110:685-692.http://www.jacionline.org/article/PIIS009167490201415X/fulltexthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12417875?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Greenberger PA, Miller TP, Roberts M, et al. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with and without bronchiectasis. Ann Allergy. 1993;70:333-338.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8466099?tool=bestpractice.com