如果已知双亲为特定异常(例如常染色体隐性和 X 连锁隐性遗传疾病)的携带者,可提供遗传咨询服务,以探讨产前诊断、终止妊娠和胚胎植入前遗传学诊断等选择。对于由 21-羟化酶缺乏导致先天性肾上腺皮质增生症的 46,XX 女性胎儿,虽然母亲产前使用地塞米松可能减轻男性化对其影响,但关于这种干预仍有争议,由于其长期安全性尚不清楚,所以应在临床试验中使用。[13]Heland S, Hewitt JK, McGillivray G, et al. Preventing female virilisation in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: the controversial role of antenatal dexamethasone. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016 Jun;56(3):225-32.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26661642?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Hirvikoski T, Nordenström A, Wedell A, et al. Prenatal dexamethasone treatment of children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: the Swedish experience and standpoint. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;97(6):1881-3.https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/jc.2012-1222http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22466333?tool=bestpractice.com