每 1000 例妊娠,大约有 1 至 8 例发生 HELLP 综合征。[7]Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U. The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009;9:8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2654858/?tool=pubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19245695?tool=bestpractice.com 在并发先兆子痫的妊娠中,2% 至 20% 的病例存在 HELLP 的实验室表现;在并发子痫的妊娠中,10% 至 30% 的病例存在 HELLP。[1]Sibai BM, Ramadan MK, Usta I, et al. Maternal morbidity and mortality in 442 pregnancies with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP syndrome). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1000-1006.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8238109?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Martin JN Jr, Blake PG, Perry KG Jr, et al. The natural history of HELLP syndrome: patterns of disease progression and regression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164:1500-1509.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2048596?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;102(1):181-92.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12850627?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Ducarme G, Bernuau J, Luton D, et al. Liver and preeclampsia [in French]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2010;29:e97-e103.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347556?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Keiser SD, Owens MY, Parrish MR, et al. HELLP syndrome with and without eclampsia. Am J Perinatol. 2011;28:187-194.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20827656?tool=bestpractice.com
大多数患者在孕 27 至 37 周之间就诊。有15% 至 30% 的病例,HELLP 出现在产后,或在产后发生进展。[1]Sibai BM, Ramadan MK, Usta I, et al. Maternal morbidity and mortality in 442 pregnancies with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP syndrome). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1000-1006.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8238109?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Martin JN Jr, Rinehart BK, May WL, et al. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:1373-1384.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10368474?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,白种人中的 HELLP 比非洲裔美国人或西班牙裔更常见。尽管高龄孕妇(>35 岁)是一个显著的危险因素,但孕妇就诊时的平均年龄为 23 至 25 岁。大约 10% 的患者为多胎妊娠。[1]Sibai BM, Ramadan MK, Usta I, et al. Maternal morbidity and mortality in 442 pregnancies with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP syndrome). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1000-1006.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8238109?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Martin JN Jr, Rinehart BK, May WL, et al. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:1373-1384.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10368474?tool=bestpractice.com