HELLP 综合征

Martin JN Jr, Blake PG, Perry KG Jr, et al. The natural history of HELLP syndrome: patterns of disease progression and regression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164:1500-1509.

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Martin JN Jr, Brewer JM, Wallace K, et al. Hellp syndrome and composite major maternal morbidity: importance of Mississippi classification system. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26:1201-1206.

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Martin JN Jr, Rinehart BK, May WL, et al. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:1373-1384.

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Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;102(1):181-92.

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Martin JN Jr, Owens MY. Preeclampsia-eclampsia y syndrome de HELLP. In: Romero Arauz JF, Tena Alavez G, Jimenez Solis GA, eds. Preeclampsia - enfermedades hipertensivas del embarazo [in Spanish]. Mexico: McGraw Hill; 2012.

Sibai BL, Ramadan MK, Chari RS, et al. Pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:125-129.

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Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ, Meher S, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD004659.

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Martin JN Jr, Owens MY, Keiser SD, et al. Standardized Mississippi Protocol treatment of 190 patients with HELLP syndrome: slowing disease progression and preventing new major maternal morbidity. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:79-90.

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Martin JN Jr. Milestones in the quest for best management of patients with HELLP syndrome (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, hepatic dysfunction, thrombocytopenia). Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121:202-207.

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Martin JN Jr, Thigpen BD, Moore RC, et al. Stroke and severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: a paradigm shift focusing on systolic blood pressure. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:246-254.

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Sibai BM. Diagnosis, controversies, and management of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:981-991.

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O'Brien JM, Barton JR. Controversies with the diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005;48:460-477.

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1.  Sibai BM, Ramadan MK, Usta I, et al. Maternal morbidity and mortality in 442 pregnancies with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP syndrome). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:1000-1006.

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2.  Martin JN Jr, Blake PG, Perry KG Jr, et al. The natural history of HELLP syndrome: patterns of disease progression and regression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;164:1500-1509.

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3.  Martin JN Jr, Magann EF, Blake PG, et al. Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia with HELLP syndrome in 454 pregnancies: comparative analysis using the 3-class system of classification. 1993 SMFM meeting abstract. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:386.

4.  Martin JN Jr, Brewer JM, Wallace K, et al. Hellp syndrome and composite major maternal morbidity: importance of Mississippi classification system. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26:1201-1206.

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5.  Martin JN Jr, Rinehart BK, May WL, et al. The spectrum of severe preeclampsia: comparative analysis by HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet count) syndrome classification. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:1373-1384.

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6.  Brewer JM, Martin JN Jr, Canizaro A, et al. HELLP syndrome(s) and severe preeclampsia differentiation according to maternal outcomes: class 1 HELLP syndrome trumps all others. Abstract 773: 2012 SMFM meeting, Dallas, Texas, February 2012. Amer J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:S341.

7.  Haram K, Svendsen E, Abildgaard U. The HELLP syndrome: clinical issues and management. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009;9:8.

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8.  Sibai BM. Diagnosis and management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jul;102(1):181-92.

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9.  Ducarme G, Bernuau J, Luton D, et al. Liver and preeclampsia [in French]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2010;29:e97-e103.

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10.  Keiser SD, Owens MY, Parrish MR, et al. HELLP syndrome with and without eclampsia. Am J Perinatol. 2011;28:187-194.

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11.  Martin JN Jr, Owens MY. Preeclampsia-eclampsia y syndrome de HELLP. In: Romero Arauz JF, Tena Alavez G, Jimenez Solis GA, eds. Preeclampsia - enfermedades hipertensivas del embarazo [in Spanish]. Mexico: McGraw Hill; 2012.

12.  Kawabata L, Nakai A, Takeshita T. Prediction of HELLP syndrome with assessment of maternal dual hepatic blood supply by using Doppler ultrasound. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006;274:303-309.

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13.  Darby M, Martin JN Jr, Mitchell SQ, et al. Liver bleeding in patients with HELLP syndrome: pathogenesis and implications for preventive therapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;123:7-9.

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14.  Abildgaard U, Heimdal K. Pathogenesis of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP): a review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;166:117-123.

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15.  Wallace K, Martin JN Jr, Tam Tam K, et al. Seeking the mechanism(s) of action for corticosteroids in HELLP syndrome: SMASH study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208:380;e1-e8.

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16.  Mihu D, Costin N, Mihu CM, et al. HELLP syndrome: a multisystemic disorder. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2007;16:419-424.

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17.  Strand S, Strand D, Seufert R, et al. Placenta-derived CD95 ligand causes liver damage in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2004;126:849-858.

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18.  Martin JN Jr, Rose CH, Briery CM. Understanding and managing HELLP syndrome: the integral role of aggressive glucocorticoids for mother and child. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:914-934.

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19.  van Runnard Heimel PJ, Kavelaars A, Heijnen CJ, et al. HELLP syndrome is associated with an increased inflammatory response, which may be inhibited by administration of prednisolone. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2008;27:253-265.

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20.  Miranda ML, Macher HC, Muñoz-Hernández R, et al. Role of circulating cell-free DNA levels in patients with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26:1377-1380.

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21.  Reimer T, Rohrmann H, Stubert J, et al. Angiogenic factors and acute-phase proteins in serum samples of preeclampsia and HELLP patients: a matched-pair analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2013;26:263-269.

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22.  Sibai BM, Ewell M, Levine RJ, et al. Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women. The Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Nov;177(5):1003-10.

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23.  Sibai BL, Ramadan MK, Chari RS, et al. Pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:125-129.

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24.  Chames MC, Haddad B, Barton JR, et al. Subsequent pregnancy outcome in women with a history of HELLP syndrome at ≤ 28 weeks of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188:1504-1507.

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25.  van Pampus MG, Wolf H, Mayruhu G, et al. Long-term follow-up in patients with a history of (H)ELLP syndrome. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2001;20:15-23.

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26.  Habli M, Eftekhari N, Wiebracht E, et al. Long-term maternal and subsequent pregnancy outcomes 5 years after hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201:385;e1-e5.

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27.  Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ, Meher S, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD004659.

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28.  Coomarasamy A, Papaioannou S, Gee H, et al. Aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia in women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:861-866.

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29.  Sibai BM. Prevention of preeclampsia: a big disappointment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:1275-1278.

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30.  Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, et al. Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1282-1291.

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31.  Rodger MA, Paidas M, McLintock C, et al. Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy complications revisited. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:320-324.

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32.  Martin JN Jr, Thigpen BD, Rose CH, et al. Maternal benefit of high-dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy for HELLP syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:830-834.

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33.  Martin JN Jr, Owens MY, Keiser SD, et al. Standardized Mississippi Protocol treatment of 190 patients with HELLP syndrome: slowing disease progression and preventing new major maternal morbidity. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:79-90.

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34.  Sibai BM. The HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): much ado about nothing? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;162:311-316.

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35.  Weinstein L. Syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count: a severe consequence of hypertension in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982;142:159-167.

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36.  Tomsen TR. HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) presenting as generalized malaise. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:1876-1878.

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37.  Owens MY, Martin JN Jr, Wallace K, et al. Postpartum thrombotic microangiopathic syndrome. Transfus Apher Sci. 2013;48:51-57.

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38.  Sibai BM. Imitators of severe pre-eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2009;33:196-205.

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39.  Castro MA, Fassett MJ, Reynolds TB, et al. Reversible peripartum liver failure: a new perspective on the diagnosis, treatment, and cause of acute fatty liver of pregnancy, based on 28 consecutive cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:389-395.

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40.  George JN. Clinical practice. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1927-1935.

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41.  Martin JN Jr, Bailey AP, Rehberg JF, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in 166 pregnancies: 1955-2006. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199:98-104.

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42.  Hebisch G, Bernasconi MT, Gmuer J, et al. Pregnancy-associated recurrent hemolytic uremic syndrome with fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:1265-1266.

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43.  Egerman RS, Witlin AG, Friedman SA, et al. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome in pregnancy: review of 11 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:950-956.

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44.  Appenzeller S, Souza FH, Wagner Silva de Souza A, et al. HELLP syndrome and its relationship with antiphospholipid syndrome and antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;41:517-523.

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45.  Chien PF, Arnott N, Gordon A, et al. How useful is uterine artery Doppler flow velocimetry in the prediction of pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal death? An overview. BJOG. 2000;107:196-208.

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46.  Martin JN Jr (ed). The 2015 compendium for HELLP syndrome: from bench to bedside. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2015.

47.  Martin JN Jr. Milestones in the quest for best management of patients with HELLP syndrome (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, hepatic dysfunction, thrombocytopenia). Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;121:202-207.

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48.  Martin JN Jr, Thigpen BD, Moore RC, et al. Stroke and severe preeclampsia and eclampsia: a paradigm shift focusing on systolic blood pressure. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105:246-254.

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49.  Vigil-De Gracia P. Maternal deaths due to eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009;104:90-94.

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50.  Nassar AH, Adra AM, Chakhtoura N, et al. Severe preeclampsia remote from term: labor induction or elective cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:1210-1213.

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51.  Sibai BM. Diagnosis, controversies, and management of the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:981-991.

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52.  Basaran A, Basaran M, Sen C. Choice of glucocorticoid in HELLP syndrome - dexamethasone versus betamethasone: revisiting the dilemma. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:2597-2600.

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53.  Katz L, Amorim M, Souza JP, et al. COHELLP: collaborative randomized controlled trial on corticosteroids in HELLP syndrome. Reprod Health. 2013;10:28.

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54.  Vidaeff AC, Carroll MA, Ramin SM. Acute hypertensive emergencies in pregnancies. Crit Care Med. 2005 Oct;33(suppl 10):S307-12.

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55.  Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee Opinion no. 514: emergent therapy for acute-onset, severe hypertension with preeclampsia or eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118:1465-1468.

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56.  Elatrous S, Nouira S, Ouanes Besbes L, et al. Short-term treatment of severe hypertension of pregnancy: prospective comparison of nicardipine and labetalol. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:1281-1286.

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57.  Magee LA, Cham C, Waterman EJ, et al. Hydralazine for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;327:955-960.

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58.  O'Brien JM, Barton JR. Controversies with the diagnosis and management of HELLP syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005;48:460-477.

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59.  Fitzpatrick KE, Hinshaw K, Kurinczuk JJ, et al. Risk factors, management, and outcomes of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome and elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:618-627.

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60.  Yildirim G, Gungorduk K, Gul A, et al. HELLP syndrome: 8 years of experience from a tertiary referral center in western Turkey. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:316-326.

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61.  Drakeley AJ, Le Roux PA, Anthony J, et al. Acute renal failure complicating severe preeclampsia requiring admission to an obstetric intensive care unit. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:253-256.

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62.  Sibai BM, Ramadan MK. Acute renal failure in pregnancies complicated by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:1682-1690.

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63.  Jacquemyn Y, Jochens L, Duiker E, et al. Long-term renal function after HELLP syndrome. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2004;57:117-120.

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64.  Gilbert WM, Towner DR, Field NT, et al. The safety and utility of pulmonary artery catheterization in severe preeclampsia and eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;182:1397-1403.

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65.  Rinehart BK, Terrone DA, Magann EF, et al. Preeclampsia-associated hepatic hemorrhage and rupture: mode of management related to maternal and perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1999;54:196-202.

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66.  Woods JB, Blake PG, Perry KG Jr, et al. Ascites: a portent of cardiopulmonary complications in the preeclamptic patient with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. Obstet Gynecol. 1992;80:87-91.

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67.  Martin JN Jr, Files JC, Blake PG, et al. Postpartum plasma exchange for atypical preeclampsia-eclampsia as HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:1107-1125.

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68.  Knapen MF, van Altena AM, Peters WH, et al. Liver function following pregnancy complicated by the HELLP syndrome. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;105:1208-1210.

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