没有一级预防策略可用于 HELLP 综合征或先兆子痫。在不同人群中开展了许多试验,研究了小剂量阿司匹林对预防先兆子痫可能具有的保护作用。最近包括 30,000 名以上妇女的试验结果显示,与安慰剂相比,先兆子痫的发生率没有显著降低。[27]Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ, Meher S, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD004659.http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004659/pdf_fs.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17443552?tool=bestpractice.com 尽管不应当常规处方小剂量阿司匹林用于预防先兆子痫,但既往有早期先兆子痫(孕 34 周之前)的患者,尤其是伴有胎儿生长受限时,或子宫多普勒抵抗指数持续升高直到妊娠第 24 周的孕妇,仍可以考虑。[28]Coomarasamy A, Papaioannou S, Gee H, et al. Aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia in women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:861-866.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11704184?tool=bestpractice.com
镁、锌、维生素 C、维生素 E 或鱼油补充剂随机试验已证明没有益处。[29]Sibai BM. Prevention of preeclampsia: a big disappointment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:1275-1278.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9822515?tool=bestpractice.com[30]Roberts JM, Myatt L, Spong CY, et al. Vitamins C and E to prevent complications of pregnancy-associated hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1282-1291.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3039216/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375405?tool=bestpractice.com
没有将遗传性血栓形成倾向确定为胎盘介导的妊娠并发症(包括先兆子痫)的原因。在临床试验之外,不建议为了预防先兆子痫而对遗传性血栓形成倾向患者实施抗凝治疗。[31]Rodger MA, Paidas M, McLintock C, et al. Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy complications revisited. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:320-324.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669729?tool=bestpractice.com
早期诊断同时联合静脉输注地塞米松和硫酸镁、严格控制血压以预防严重升高的收缩压等积极处理,目前是减少母体不良结局的最佳、最安全途径。[18]Martin JN Jr, Rose CH, Briery CM. Understanding and managing HELLP syndrome: the integral role of aggressive glucocorticoids for mother and child. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:914-934.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16631593?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Martin JN Jr, Thigpen BD, Rose CH, et al. Maternal benefit of high-dose intravenous corticosteroid therapy for HELLP syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:830-834.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526324?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Martin JN Jr, Owens MY, Keiser SD, et al. Standardized Mississippi Protocol treatment of 190 patients with HELLP syndrome: slowing disease progression and preventing new major maternal morbidity. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:79-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21219123?tool=bestpractice.com 在 190 例经 Mississipi 分级的通过这种方式处理的患者中,没有卒中、肝破裂或孕产妇死亡的报告。[33]Martin JN Jr, Owens MY, Keiser SD, et al. Standardized Mississippi Protocol treatment of 190 patients with HELLP syndrome: slowing disease progression and preventing new major maternal morbidity. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:79-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21219123?tool=bestpractice.com