休闲、商业、科学和军事潜水环境中可能遇到显著多样的生理和心理应激源。因此,候选潜水员的健康评估必须因人而异,一般包括使用问卷调查、职业健康检查和潜水前调查(如合适)。曾完全为潜水禁忌症的许多疾病,现在只要在规定限度内即可潜水。[49]Bove AA. Fitness to dive. In: Brubakk A, Neuman T. Bennett and Elliott's physiology and medicine of diving. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 2003:700-717.示例包括哮喘和糖尿病。[50]Davies MJ, Fisher LH, Chegini S, et al. Asthma and the diver. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2005;29:131-138.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251767?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Edge CJ, St Leger Dowse M, Bryson P. Scuba diving with diabetes mellitus - the UK experience 1991-2001. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2005;32:27-37.http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4036http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15796312?tool=bestpractice.com