案例#1
患儿男,10 岁,因乏力被送进医院急诊科,看起来病得很重,脸色十分苍白。经检查,他的脾肿大。初始血液检查显示严重贫血,且外周血涂片上有球形红细胞,血小板计数略有减少。他的同卵双胞胎兄弟接受了检查,被发现脾肿大,血细胞计数具有 HS 的典型特征。在接下来的两周期间,就诊的那名患儿康复,血清学检查显示细小病毒呈阳性。康复后,该患儿无症状,并且血红蛋白为 100-110 g/L (10-11 g/dL)。
案例#2
一名没有症状的 45 岁男性在首次献血前接受了常规全血细胞计数 (FBC) 检查。他被告知血红蛋白浓度略有降低,红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度 (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, MCHC) 增加。在涂片上可见球形红细胞,血清胆红素(主要是未结合型)略微升高。经检查,发现他的脾肿大,勉强可被触及。
其他表现
HS 可在任何年龄出现,经常是在因其他原因进行血液检查时的一种偶然发现。HS 可能在妊娠期间且当低血红蛋白水平加重时被诊断出来。HS 可能导致新生儿黄疸,在某些情况下,严重到需要进行换血疗法。[5]Bolton-Maggs PH, Langer JC, Iolascon A, et al; General Haematology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary spherocytosis - 2011 update. Br J Haematol. 2012;156:37-49.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08921.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22055020?tool=bestpractice.com 罕见情况下,一些个体出现与髓外造血相关的症状(例如,导致脊髓压迫的脊柱旁肿块、肺部肿块)。[6]Gupta P, Eshaghi N, Ghole V, et al. Presacral extramedullary hematopoiesis: report of a case and review of the literature. Clin Imaging. 2008;32:487-489.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19006781?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Bowling MR, Cauthen CG, Perry CD, et al. Pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis. J Thorac Imaging. 2008;23:138-141.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18520574?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Jalbert F, Chaynes P, Lagarrigue J. Asymptomatic spherocytosis presenting with spinal cord compression: case report. J Neurosurg Spine. 2005;2:491-494.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15871492?tool=bestpractice.com 极少数情况下,HS 可能表现为由严重贫血引起的胎儿水肿或死胎(例如,当婴儿遗传来自双亲的膜蛋白缺陷时)。[9]Gallagher PG, Weed SA, Tse WT, et al. Recurrent fatal hydrops fetalis associated with a nucleotide substitution in the erythrocyte beta-spectrin gene. J Clin Invest. 1995;95:1174-1182.http://www.jci.org/articles/view/117766/pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7883966?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Ribeiro ML, Alloisio N, Almeida H, et al. Severe hereditary spherocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis associated with the total absence of band 3. Blood. 2000;96:1602-1604.http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/96/4/1602.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10942416?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Whitfield CF, Follweiler JB, Lopresti-Morrow L, et al. Deficiency of alpha-spectrin synthesis in burst-forming units-erythroid in lethal hereditary spherocytosis. Blood. 1991;78:3043-3051.http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/78/11/3043.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1954389?tool=bestpractice.com