部分脾切除术
由于存在与脾功能缺失相关的各种风险,现在已研究了部分脾切除术作为一种选择。与全脾切除术相比,部分脾切除术的优点是小部分脾脏残余可能保留部分免疫和过滤功能。这可以降低脾切除术后脓毒症或血栓形成并发症的风险,同时仍然可以缓解大部分溶血。此外,血红蛋白水平维持得更好,并且在评估时,似乎存在噬菌功能。[46]Bader-Meunier B, Gauthier F, Archambaud F, et al. Long-term evaluation of the beneficial effect of subtotal splenectomy for management of hereditary spherocytosis. Blood. 2001;97:399-403.http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/97/2/399.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11154215?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Stoehr GA, Sobh JN, Luecken J, et al. Near-total splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis: clinical prospects in relation to disease severity. Br J Haematol. 2006;132:791-793.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487182?tool=bestpractice.com 对于在 6 岁之前需要接受积极治疗的重度输血依赖性 HS 患儿,部分脾切除术可能是一种合适的治疗方法。然而,部分患者之后需要进行全脾切除术。数名患者还需要进行后续胆囊切除术。[47]Stoehr GA, Sobh JN, Luecken J, et al. Near-total splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis: clinical prospects in relation to disease severity. Br J Haematol. 2006;132:791-793.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16487182?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Rice HE, Oldham KT, Hillery CA, et al. Clinical and hematologic benefits of partial splenectomy for congenital hemolytic anemias in children. Ann Surg. 2003;237:281-288.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1522140/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560788?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Stoehr GA, Stauffer UG, Eber SW. Near-total splenectomy: a new technique for the management of hereditary spherocytosis. Ann Surg. 2005;241:40-47.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1356844/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15621989?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Tchernia G, Bader-Meunier B, Berterottiere P, et al. Effectiveness of partial splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis. Curr Opin Hematol. 1997;4:136-141.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9107531?tool=bestpractice.com 部分脾切除术可以通过腹腔镜进行,但与住院时间更长和疼痛更严重相关。[51]Morinis J, Dutta S, Blanchette V, et al. Laparoscopic partial vs total splenectomy in children with hereditary spherocytosis. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43:1649-1652.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18779001?tool=bestpractice.com 对62名儿童进行的多中心回顾令人鼓舞, 症状得到了很好的解决,仅有少数 (<5%)患儿病情进展至进行全脾切除术。[52]Buesing KL, Tracy ET, Kiernan C, et al. Partial splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis: a multi-institutional review. J Pediatr Surg. 2011;46:178-183.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21238662?tool=bestpractice.com 需要进行正式的临床试验,以确定这种技术的地位。[29]Schilling RF. Risks and benefits of splenectomy versus no splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis - a personal view. Br J Haematol. 2009;145:728-732.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19388926?tool=bestpractice.com[44]Tracy ET, Rice HE. Partial splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2008;55:503-519.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18381098?tool=bestpractice.com
重组促红细胞生成素
研究表明,使用促红细胞生成素可能有助于减少或消除 HS 患儿新生儿期间的输血需求。在一项病例系列研究中,16 名接受重组促红细胞生成素治疗的 HS 患儿中有 13 名能够维持足够的血红蛋白值,从而避免了输血。[53]Tchernia G, Delhommeau F, Perrotta S, et al; ESPHI working group on hemolytic anemias. Recombinant erythropoietin therapy as an alternative to blood transfusions in infants with hereditary spherocytosis. Hematol J. 2000;1:146-152.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11920183?tool=bestpractice.com 这对存在输血困难的患者或不愿接受红细胞输注的患者(例如耶和华见证者信仰者)可能尤其有帮助。