对实行口腔科手术的主动脉瓣狭窄患者,不再常规推荐预防性使用抗生素来防止感染性心内膜炎。不过,在实行涉及处理牙龈组织、牙齿根尖区或口腔黏膜穿孔的口腔科手术前,在以下高风险人群中应考虑预防性使用抗生素:[58]Nishimura RA, Carabello BA, Faxon DP, et al; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force. ACC/AHA 2008 guideline update on valvular heart disease: focused update on infective endocarditis. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation. 2008;118:887-896.http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/118/8/887http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18663090?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135:e1159-e1195.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/135/25/e1159.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28298458?tool=bestpractice.com