常染色体显性遗传性 PKD (ADPKD) 在世界范围的所有种族人群中都有出现。据估计,美国的发病率在 1:400(包括实际观察到的和估计的尸检病例)到 1:1000(仅临床诊断病例)之间。[6]Iglesias CG, Torres VE, Offord KP, et al. Epidemiology of adult polycystic kidney disease, Olmsted County, Minnesota: 1935-1980. Am J Kidney Dis. 1983 May;2(6):630-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6846334?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Dalgaard OZ. Bilateral polycystic disease of the kidneys: a follow-up of two hundred and eighty-four patients and their families. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1957;328:1-255.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13469269?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Gabow PA. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 29;329(5):332-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8321262?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Kelleher CL, McFann KK, Johnson AM, et al. Characteristics of hypertension in young adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease compared with the general U.S. population. Am J Hypertens. 2004 Nov;17(11 Pt 1):1029-34.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533729?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Torres VE, Holley KE, Offord KP. Epidemiology. In: Grantham JJ, Gardner KD, eds. Problems in diagnosis and management of polycystic kidney disease. Kansas City, MO: PKR Foundation; 1985:49-69. 据报告,每年大约 600,000 美国人受到此病影响,有超过 2000 名患者因囊性肾病变开始接受肾替代疗法。[11]U.S. Renal Data System. USRDS 2007 annual data report. B: Prevalence of reported ESRD. Bethesda, MD: NIH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2007:17.https://www.usrds.org/2007/ref/B_prevalence_07.pdf
在哥本哈根,估计发病率为 1:1000;[7]Dalgaard OZ. Bilateral polycystic disease of the kidneys: a follow-up of two hundred and eighty-four patients and their families. Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1957;328:1-255.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13469269?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,法国 (1:1111)、[12]Simon P, Le Goff JY, Ang KS, et al. Epidemiologic data, clinical and prognostic features of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in a French region [in French]. Nephrologie. 1996;17(2):123-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8838759?tool=bestpractice.com 威尔士 (1/2459) [13]Davies F, Coles GA, Harper PS, et al. Polycystic kidney disease re-evaluated: a population-based study. Q J Med. 1991 Jun;79(290):477-85.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1946928?tool=bestpractice.com 和日本 (1/4033) 的发病率较低。[14]Higashihara E, Nutahara K, Kojima M, et al. Prevalence and renal prognosis of diagnosed autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Japan. Nephron. 1998 Dec;80(4):421-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9832641?tool=bestpractice.com 在塞舌尔,白人的发病率为 1:544,但是黑人很少患此病。[15]Yersin C, Bovet P, Wauters JP, et al. Frequency and impact of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the Seychelles (Indian Ocean). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Oct;12(10):2069-74.https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article/12/10/2069/1882021http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9351067?tool=bestpractice.com
与白种人相比,在黑人中,因为其他病因导致的 ESRD 发病率较高,所以 ADPKD 造成的 ESRD 较少见。美国每年(1998-2001 年) 由 ADPKD 导致的 ESRD 发病人数为男性 870 万,女性 690 万,在欧洲(1998-1999 年)为男性 780 万,女性 600 万;[16]Stengel B, Billon S, Van Dijk PC, et al. Trends in the incidence of renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease in Europe, 1990-1999. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003 Sep;18(9):1824-33.https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article/18/9/1824/1841854http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12937231?tool=bestpractice.com 在日本,出现此种情况的男性有 560 万(1999-2000 年),女性有 400 万。[17]Wakai K, Nakai S, Kikuchi K, et al. Trends in incidence of end-stage renal disease in Japan, 1983-2000: age-adjusted and age-specific rates by gender and cause. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 Aug;19(8):2044-52.https://academic.oup.com/ndt/article/19/8/2044/1918376http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173379?tool=bestpractice.com 校正年龄的性别比率超出一致性范围(1.2 至 1.3),表明男性比女性更易患进行性疾病。
常染色体隐性遗传性 PKD 非常少见,发病率为 1:40,000 至 1:10,000。[18]Cole BR, Conley SB, Stapleton FB. Polycystic kidney disease in the first year of life. J Pediatr. 1987 Nov;111(5):693-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3668738?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Kääriäinen H. Polycystic kidney disease in children: a genetic and epidemiological study of 82 Finnish patients. J Med Genet. 1987 Aug;24(8):474-81.http://jmg.bmj.com/content/jmedgenet/24/8/474.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3656369?tool=bestpractice.com