抑郁障碍非常常见,并且是世界范围内导致残疾的主要原因之一。[9]World Health Organization. Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates. 2017 [internet publication].https://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/prevalence_global_health_estimates/en/[10]Qaseem A, Barry MJ, Kansagara D, et al. Nonpharmacologic versus pharmacologic treatment of adult patients with major depressive disorder: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 1;164(5):350-9.https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2490527/nonpharmacologic-versus-pharmacologic-treatment-adult-patients-major-depressive-disorder-clinicalhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26857948?tool=bestpractice.com 在18到44岁人群中,抑郁是致残及过早死亡的主要原因。预计到 2020 年,抑郁将成为全年龄段中第二大致残原因。[11]Remick RA. Diagnosis and management of depression in primary care: a clinical update and review. CMAJ. 2002 Nov 26;167(11):1253-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12451082?tool=bestpractice.com 在2005年至2008年期间,初级医疗机构中约有五分之一的患者出现了部分抑郁症状。其中,10%的抑郁症严重到足以需要药物治疗,但只有33%的人接受了抗抑郁药或心理卫生专业人士的治疗。[12]Shim RS, Baltrus P, Ye J, et al. Prevalence, treatment, and control of depressive symptoms in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2008. J Am Board Fam Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;24(1):33-8.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161724/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21209342?tool=bestpractice.com
大约20%的成年人会在生命某阶段受到需要治疗的情绪障碍影响。[11]Remick RA. Diagnosis and management of depression in primary care: a clinical update and review. CMAJ. 2002 Nov 26;167(11):1253-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12451082?tool=bestpractice.com 女性发病率为男性的两倍。[13]Pedersen CB, Mors O, Bertelsen A, et al. A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014 May;71(5):573-81.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1847579http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24806211?tool=bestpractice.com 在抑郁患者的一级亲属中,终生抑郁风险增加至 2 到 3 倍。初次起病最常发生于 12 到 24 岁,以及 65 岁以上。[11]Remick RA. Diagnosis and management of depression in primary care: a clinical update and review. CMAJ. 2002 Nov 26;167(11):1253-60.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12451082?tool=bestpractice.com