疾病管理“照护路径”强调抑郁患者的多元需求,在不同医疗机构中的项目均已显示其可以改进照护。照护路径的关键要素包括照护管理人员的协调、服务提供者的教育、对患者疗效结构化系统化的评估并反馈给服务提供者、转诊至精神专科以加强照护、诊所内精神护理、护士的电话支持、短讯联络,以及电话教育或同伴支持。[61]Woltmann E, Grogan-Kaylor A, Perron B, et al. Comparative effectiveness of collaborative chronic care models for mental health conditions across primary, specialty, and behavioral health care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2012 Aug;169(8):790-804.http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11111616http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22772364?tool=bestpractice.com[284]Wells KB, Sherbourne C, Schoenbaum M, et al. Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 Jan 12;283(2):212-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10634337?tool=bestpractice.com[287]Katon WJ, Schoenbaum M, Fan MY, et al. Cost-effectiveness of improving primary care treatment of late-life depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;62(12):1313-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330719?tool=bestpractice.com[288]Koike AK, Unutzer J, Wells KB. Improving the care for depression in patients with comorbid medical illness. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;159(10):1738-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12359681?tool=bestpractice.com[289]Unutzer J, Katon W, Callahan CM, et al. Collaborative care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2836-45.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12472325?tool=bestpractice.com[290]Wells KB. The design of Partners in Care: evaluating the cost-effectiveness of improving care for depression in primary care. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999 Jan;34(1):20-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073117?tool=bestpractice.com[285]Simon GE, Ralston JD, Savarino J, et al. Randomized trial of depression follow-up care by online messaging. J Gen Intern Med. 2011 Jul;26(7):698-704.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138593/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21384219?tool=bestpractice.com 自助和自导的干预,比如行为促进策略和基于互联网的治疗也越来越为重要。[291]Soucy Chartier I, Provencher MD. Behavioural activation for depression: efficacy, effectiveness and dissemination. J Affect Disord. 2013 Mar 5;145(3):292-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884236?tool=bestpractice.com[292]Moritz S, Schilling L, Hauschildt M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of internet-based therapy in depression. Behav Res Ther. 2012 Aug;50(7-8):513-21.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22677231?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,与受过高等教育的患者相比,具有较低教育水平的患者可能因基于互联网的自我引导而出现症状恶化风险增加。[293]Ebert DD, Donkin L, Andersson G, et al. Does internet-based guided-self-help for depression cause harm? An individual participant data meta-analysis on deterioration rates and its moderators in randomized controlled trials. Psychol Med. 2016 Oct;46(13):2679-93. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560500/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27649340?tool=bestpractice.com