患有各种慢性疾病的患者, 包括糖尿病、肿瘤、中风、冠心病、HIV、慢性疼痛、多囊卵巢综合征,和肥胖的抑郁症发病率明显高于无并发疾病的患者。[5]Carney RM, Freedland KE. Depression and coronary heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016 Nov 17;14(3):145-55.www.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.181http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27853162?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Robinson RG, Jorge RE. Post-stroke depression: a review. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Dec 18;173(3):221-31.https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15030363?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmedhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26684921?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Moulton CD, Pickup JC, Ismail K. The link between depression and diabetes: the search for shared mechanisms. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 May 17;3(6):461-71.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25995124?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Caruso R, Nanni MG, Riba M, et al. Depressive spectrum disorders in cancer: prevalence, risk factors and screening for depression: a critical review. Acta Oncol. 2017 Feb;56(2):146-55.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28140731?tool=bestpractice.com[31]Pitman A, Suleman S, Hyde N, et al. Depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. BMJ. 2018 Apr 25;361:k1415.https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k1415.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29695476?tool=bestpractice.com[32]Nanni MG, Caruso R, Mitchell AJ, et al. Depression in HIV infected patients: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015 Jan;17(1):530.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25413636?tool=bestpractice.com[33]Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, et al. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Nov 10;163(20):2433-45.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/216320http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14609780?tool=bestpractice.com[34]Pereira-Miranda E, Costa PRF, Queiroz VAO, et al. Overweight and obesity associated with higher depression prevalence in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 Mar-Apr;36(3):223-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28394727?tool=bestpractice.com 此外, 这种关系是双向的。抑郁患者更容易患上慢性内科疾病。[35]Katon WJ. Epidemiology and treatment of depression in patients with chronic medical illness. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(1):7-23.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181964/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21485743?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Cooney LG, Lee I, Sammel MD, et al. High prevalence of moderate and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017 May 1;32(5):1075-91.https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/32/5/1075/3064352http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28333286?tool=bestpractice.com 儿童时期经历过慢性病的成人患抑郁症的几率也较高。[37]Secinti E, Thompson EJ, Richards M, et al. Research Review: childhood chronic physical illness and adult emotional health - a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Jul;58(7):753-69.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28449285?tool=bestpractice.com