约有一半的重度全身交界型大疱性表皮松解症儿童患者和较小比例的其他交界型大疱性表皮松解症亚型患者在童年早期时会累及气管喉。[37]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Tracheolaryngeal complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1652-1660.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762793?tool=bestpractice.com表皮松解症并发症:高质量证据表明,表皮松解症与一系列累及手足、上呼吸道、外眼、肾、牙齿和口腔、软组织和GI呼吸道的并发症有关,增加了生长迟缓、癌症和过早死亡的风险。[35]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Pseudosyndactyly and musculoskeletal contractures in inherited epidermolysis bullosa: experience of the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, 1986-2002. J Hand Surg (Br). 2005;30:14-22.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15620486?tool=bestpractice.com[36]Wright JT, Fine JD, Johnson L. Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa: oral manifestations and dental management. Pediatr Dent. 1993;15:242-248.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8247897?tool=bestpractice.com[37]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Tracheolaryngeal complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1652-1660.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762793?tool=bestpractice.com[46]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Cause-specific risks of childhood death in inherited epidermolysis bullosa. J Pediatr. 2008;152:276-280.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18206702?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Gastrointestinal complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa: cumulative experience of the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46:147-158.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18223373?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and the risk of life-threatening skin-derived cancers: the National EB Registry experience, 1986-2006. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60:203-211.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19026465?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Eye involvement in inherited epidermolysis bullosa: experience of the National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138:254-262.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15289135?tool=bestpractice.com系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
可能是突发性的,如果不及时治疗,可能是致命性的。
这种并发症的风险在大约 6 岁时最高。
任何交界型大疱性表皮松解症婴儿或儿童,如果出现上气道受累的症状(如,哭声嘶哑),应考虑进行气管造口术。[37]Fine JD, Johnson LB, Weiner M, et al. Tracheolaryngeal complications of inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1652-1660.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762793?tool=bestpractice.com需要耳鼻喉科医师及时检查评估。
如果上气道部分受损,很多大疱型表皮松解症专家建议进行气管造口术,以防止后期突发气道梗阻或死亡。
如果儿童后期或成年早期没有再出现临床上明显的气管喉疾病活动,可不考虑气管造口术。